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Glossary of Military Terms
radar
A radio detection device that provides information on
range, azimuth, and/or elevation of objects.
radar advisory
The term used to indicate that the provision of advice and
information is based on radar observation.
radar altimetry area
A large and comparatively level terrain area with a
defined elevation which can be used in determining the altitude
of airborne equipment by the use of radar.
radar beacon
A receiver-transmitter combination that sends out a coded
signal when triggered by the proper type of pulse, enabling
determination of range and bearing information by the
interrogating station or aircraft. Also called RB.
radar camouflage
The use of radar absorbent or reflecting materials
to change the radar echoing properties of a surface of an
object.
radar clutter
Unwanted signals, echoes, or images on the face of
the display tube which interfere with observation of desired
signals.
radar countermeasures
See electronic warfare; chaff.
radar coverage
The limits within which objects can be detected by
one or more radar stations.
radar danning
In naval mine warfare, a method of navigating by
using radar to keep the required distance from a line of dan
buoys.
radar deception
See electromagnetic deception.
radar exploitation report
A formatted statement of the results of a tactical radar
imagery reconnaissance mission. The report includes the
interpretation of the sensor imagery. Also called RADAREXREP.
radar fire
Gunfire aimed at a target which is tracked by radar.
See also fire.
radar guardship
Any ship which has been assigned the task by the
officer in tactical command of maintaining the radar watch.
radar horizon
The locus of points at which the rays from a radar
antenna become tangential to the Earth's surface. On the open
sea this locus is horizontal, but on land it varies according to
the topographical features of the terrain.
radar imagery
Imagery produced by recording radar waves reflected from a
given target surface.
radar intelligence
Intelligence derived from data collected by radar. Also
called RADINT. See also intelligence.
radar netting
The linking of several radars to a single center to
provide integrated target information.
radar netting station
A center which can receive data from radar tracking
stations and exchange this data among other radar tracking
stations, thus forming a radar netting system. See also radar
netting unit; radar tracking station.
radar netting unit
Optional electronic equipment that converts the operations
central of certain air defense fire distribution systems to a
radar netting station. See also radar netting station.
radar picket
Any ship, aircraft, or vehicle, stationed at a
distance from the force protected, for the purpose of increasing
the radar detection range
radar reconnaissance
Reconnaissance by means of radar to obtain information on
enemy activity and to determine the nature of terrain.
radarscope overlay
A transparent overlay for placing on the radarscope
for comparison and identification of radar returns.
radarscope photography
A film record of the returns shown by a radar
screen.
radar signal film
The film on which is recorded all the reflected signals
acquired by a coherent radar, and that must be viewed or
processed through an optical correlator to permit
interpretation.
radar silence
An imposed discipline prohibiting the transmission
by radar of electromagnetic signals on some or all frequencies.
radar spoking
Periodic flashes of the rotating time base on a radial
display. Sometimes caused by mutual interference.
radar tracking station
A radar facility that has the capability of tracking
moving targets.
radial
A magnetic bearing extending from a very high frequency
omni-range and/or tactical air navigation station.
radial displacement
On vertical photographs, the apparent "leaning out,"
or the apparent displacement of the top of any object having
height in relation to its base. The direction of displacement is
radial from the principal point on a true vertical, or from the
isocentre on a vertical photograph distorted by tip or tilt.
radiant exposure
See thermal exposure.
radiation dose
The total amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by
material or tissues, expressed in centigrays. (DOD only) The
term radiation dose is often used in the sense of the exposure
dose expressed in roentgens, which is a measure of the total
amount of ionization that the quantity of radiation could
produce in air. This could be distinguished from the absorbed
dose, also given in rads, which represents the energy absorbed
from the radiation per gram of specified body tissue. Further,
the biological dose, in rems, is a measure of the biological
effectiveness of the radiation exposure. See also absorbed dose;
exposure dose.
radiation dose rate
The radiation dose (dosage) absorbed per unit of
time. (DOD only) A radiation dose rate can be set at some
particular unit of time (e.g., H + 1 hour) and would be called H
+ 1 radiation dose rate.
radiation exposure state
The condition of a unit, or exceptionally an
individual, deduced from the cumulative whole body radiation
dose(s) received. It is expressed as a symbol which indicates
the potential for future operations and the degree of risk if
exposed to additional nuclear radiation.
radiation exposure status
Criteria to assist the commander in measuring unit
exposure to radiation based on total past cumulative dose in
centigray (cGy). Categories are as follows: (a) radiation
exposure status-0--No previous exposure history. Also called
RES-0; (b) radiation exposure status-1--Negligible radiation
exposure history (greater than 0, but less than 70 cGy). Also
called RES-1; (c) radiation exposure status-2--Significant but
not a dangerous dose of radiation (greater than 70, but less
than 150 cGy). Also called RES-2; (d) radiation exposure
status-3--Unit has already received a dose of radiation which
makes further exposure dangerous (greater then 150 cGy). Also
called RES-3.
radiation intelligence
Intelligence derived from the collection and analysis of
non-information-bearing elements extracted from the
electromagnetic energy unintentionally emanated by foreign
devices, equipments, and systems, excluding those generated by
the detonation of atomic or nuclear weapons.
radiation intensity
The radiation dose rate at a given time and place.
It may be used, coupled with a figure, to denote the radiation
intensity at a given number of hours after a nuclear burst,
e.g., RI-3 is the radiation intensity 3 hours after the time of
burst. Also called RI.
radiation scattering
The diversion of radiation (thermal,
electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result
of interaction or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger
particles in the atmosphere or other media between the source of
the radiation (e.g., a nuclear explosion) and a point at some
distance away. As a result of scattering, radiation (especially
gamma rays and neutrons) will be received at such a point from
many directions instead of only from the direction of the
source.
radiation sickness
An illness resulting from excessive exposure to
ionizing radiation. The earliest symptoms are nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair, hemorrhage,
inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of
energy.
radioactive decay
The decrease in the radiation intensity of any
radioactive material with respect to time.
radioactive decay curve
A graph line representing the decrease of
radioactivity with the passage of time.
radioactive decay rate
The time rate of the disintegration of radioactive
material generally accompanied by the emission of particles
and/or gamma radiation.
radioactivity
The spontaneous emission of radiation, generally alpha or
beta particles, often accompanied by gamma rays, from the nuclei
of an unstable isotope.
radioactivity concentration guide
The amount of any specified radioisotope that is
acceptable in air and water for continuous consumption.
radio and wire integration
The combining of wire circuits with radio facilities. Also
called RWI.
radio approach aids
Equipment making use of radio to determine the
position of an aircraft with considerable accuracy from the time
it is in the vicinity of an airfield or carrier until it reaches
a position from which landing can be carried out.
radio beacon
A radio transmitter which emits a distinctive or
characteristic signal used for the determination of bearings,
courses, or location.
radio countermeasures
See electronic warfare.
radio deception
The employment of radio to deceive the enemy. Radio
deception includes sending false dispatches, using deceptive
headings, employing enemy call signs, etc. See also electronic
warfare.
radio detection
The detection of the presence of an object by
radio-location without precise determination of its position.
radio direction finding
Radio-location in which only the direction of a
station is determined by means of its emissions.
radio direction finding database
The aggregate of information, acquired by both airborne
and surface means, necessary to provide support to radio
direction-finding operations to produce fixes on target
transmitters and/or emitters. The resultant bearings and fixes
serve as a basis for tactical decisions concerning military
operations, including exercises, planned or underway.
radio fix
The location of a ship or aircraft by determining the
direction of radio signals coming to the ship or aircraft from
two or more sending stations, the locations of which are known.
radio guard
A ship, aircraft, or radio station designated to listen
for and record transmissions and to handle traffic on a
designated frequency for a certain unit or units.
radiological defense
Defensive measures taken against the radiation
hazards resulting from the employment of nuclear and
radiological weapons.
radiological environment
Conditions found in an area resulting from the
presence of a radiological hazard.
radiological monitoring
See monitoring.
radiological operation
The employment of radioactive materials or radiation
producing devices to cause casualties or restrict the use of
terrain. It includes the intentional employment of fallout from
nuclear weapons.
radiological survey
The directed effort to determine the distribution
and dose rates of radiation in an area.
radiological survey flight altitude
The altitude at which an aircraft is flown during an
aerial radiological survey.
radio magnetic indicator
An instrument which displays aircraft heading and
bearing to selected radio navigation aids.
radio navigation
radio range finding
Radio-location in which the distance of an object is
determined by means of its radio emissions, whether independent,
reflected, or retransmitted on the same or other wavelength.
radio range station
A radio navigation land station in the aeronautical
radio navigation service providing radio equi-signal zones. (In
certain instances a radio range station may be placed on board a
ship.)
radio silence
A condition in which all or certain radio equipment
capable of radiation is kept inoperative. (DOD only) (Note: In
combined or United States Joint or intra-Service communications
the frequency bands and/or types of equipment affected will be
specified.)
radio telegraphy
The transmission of telegraphic codes by means of radio
radio telephony
The transmission of speech by means of modulated
radio waves.
radius of action
The maximum distance a ship, aircraft, or vehicle
can travel away from its base along a given course with normal
combat load and return without refueling, allowing for all
safety and operating factors.
radius of damage
The distance from ground zero at which there is a 0.50
probability of achieving the desired damage.
radius of integration
The distance from ground zero that indicates the area
within which the effects of both the nuclear detonation and
conventional weapons are to be integrated.
rradius of safety
The horizontal distance from ground zero beyond
which the weapon effects on friendly troops are acceptable.
raid
An operation, usually small scale, involving a swift
penetration of hostile territory to secure information, confuse
the enemy, or to destroy installations. It ends with a planned
withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.
railhead
A point on a railway where loads are transferred
between trains and other means of transport. See also navigation
head.
railway line capacity
The maximum number of trains which can be moved in
each direction over a specified section of track in a 24 hour
period. See also route capacity.
railway loading ramp
A sloping platform situated at the end or beside a
track and rising to the level of the floor of the rail cars or
wagons.
rainfall (nuclear)
The water that is precipitated from the base surge clouds
after an underwater burst of a nuclear weapon. This rain is
radioactive and presents an important secondary effect of such a
burst.
rainout
Radioactive material in the atmosphere brought down
by precipitation.
ramjet
A jet-propulsion engine containing neither
compressor nor turbine which depends for its operation on the
air compression accomplished by the forward motion of the
engine. See also pulsejet.
random minelaying
In land mine warfare, the laying of mines without
regard to pattern.
range
1. The distance between any given point and an object or
target. 2. Extent or distance limiting the operation or action
of something, such as the range of an aircraft, ship, or gun. 3.
The distance that can be covered over a hard surface by a ground
vehicle, with its rated payload, using the fuel in its tank and
its cans normally carried as part of the ground vehicle
equipment. 4. Area equipped for practice in shooting at targets.
In this meaning, also called target range.
range marker
A single calibration blip fed onto the time base of
a radial display. The rotation of the time base shows the single
blips as a circle on the plan position indicator scope. It may
be used to measure range
Rangers
Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and
trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations
in coordination with or in support of other special operations
units of all Services. Rangers also can execute direct action
operations in support of conventional nonspecial operations
missions conducted by a combatant commander and can operate as
conventional light infantry when properly augmented with other
elements of combined arms
Rangers
Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and
trained to conduct highly complex joint direct action operations
in coordination with or in support of other special operations
units of all Services. Rangers also can execute direct action
operations in support of conventional nonspecial operations
missions conducted by a combatant commander and can operate as
conventional light infantry when properly augmented with other
elements of combined arms
range spread
The technique used to place the mean point of impact of
two or more units 100 meters apart on the gun-target line.
ranging
The process of establishing target distance. Types
of ranging include echo, intermittent, manual, navigational,
explosive echo, optical, radar, etc. See also spot.
rapid global mobility
The timely movement, positioning, and sustainment of
military forces and capabilities across the range of military
operations. See also mobility.
rated load
The designed safe operating load for the equipment
under prescribed conditions.
rate of fire
The number of rounds fired per weapon per minute.
rate of march
The average number of miles or kilometers to be
travelled in a given period of time, including all ordered
halts. It is expressed in miles or kilometers in the hour. See
also pace.
ratification
The declaration by which a nation formally accepts, with
or without reservation, the content of a standardization
agreement. See also implementation; reservation; subscription.
rationalization
Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied
forces through more efficient or effective use of defense
resources committed to the alliance. Rationalization includes
consolidation, reassignment of national priorities to higher
alliance needs, standardization, specialization, mutual support
or improved interoperability, and greater cooperation.
Rationalization applies to both weapons and/or materiel
resources and non-weapons military matters.
ration dense
Foods that, through processing, have been reduced in
volume and quantity to a small compact package without
appreciable loss of food value, quality, or acceptance, with a
high yield in relation to space occupied, such as dehydrates and
concentrates.
ratio print
A print the scale of which has been changed from that of
the negative by photographic enlargement or reduction.
ratline
An organized effort for moving personnel and/or material
by clandestine means across a denied area or border.
R-day
See times.
reachback
The process of obtaining products, services, and
applications, or forces, or equipment, or material from
organizations that are not forward deployed.
reaction time
1. The elapsed time between the initiation of an action
and the required response. 2. The time required between the
receipt of an order directing an operation and the arrival of
the initial element of the force concerned in the designated
area.
readiness
The ability of US military forces to fight and meet the
demands of the national military strategy. Readiness is the
synthesis of two distinct but interrelated levels. a. unit
readiness--The ability to provide capabilities required by the
combatant commanders to execute their assigned missions. This is
derived from the ability of each unit to deliver the outputs for
which it was designed. b. joint readiness--The combatant
commander's ability to integrate and synchronize ready combat
and support forces to execute his or her assigned missions. See
also military capability; national military strategy.
readiness condition
See operational readiness.
readiness planning
Operation planning required for peacetime operations. Its
objective is the maintenance of high states of readiness and the
deterrence of potential enemies. It includes planning activities
that influence day-to-day operations and the peacetime posture
of forces. As such, its focus is on general capabilities and
readiness rather than the specifics of a particular crisis,
either actual or potential. The assignment of geographic
responsibilities to combatant commanders, establishment of
readiness standards and levels, development of peacetime
deployment patterns, coordination of reconnaissance and
surveillance assets and capabilities, and planning of joint
exercises are examples of readiness planning. No formal joint
planning system exists for readiness planning such as exists for
joint operation and execution planning.
ready position
In helicopter operations, a designated place where a
helicopter load of troops and/or equipment waits for pick-up.
Ready Reserve
The Selected Reserve, Individual Ready Reserve, and
Inactive National Guard liable for active duty as prescribed by
law (US Code, title 10 (DOD), sections 10142, 12301, and 12302).
See also active duty; Inactive National Guard; Individual Ready
Reserve; Selected Reserve.
Ready Reserve Force
A force composed of ships acquired by the Maritime
Administration (MARAD) with Navy funding and newer ships
acquired by the MARAD for the National Defense Reserve Fleet
(NDRF). Although part of the NDRF, ships of the Ready Reserve
Force are maintained in a higher state of readiness and can be
made available without mobilization or congressionally declared
state of emergency. Also called RRF. See also National Defense
Reserve Fleet.
ready-to-load date
The date when a unit will be ready to move from the
origin, i.e., mobilization station. Also called RLD.
reallocation authority
The authority given to NATO commanders and normally
negotiated in peacetime, to reallocate in an "emergency in war"
national logistic resources controlled by the combat forces
under their command, and made available by nations, in order to
influence the battle logistically.
real property
Lands, buildings, structures, utilities systems,
improvements, and appurtenances thereto. Includes equipment
attached to and made part of buildings and structures (such as
heating systems) but not movable equipment (such as plant
equipment).
real time
Pertaining to the timeliness of data or information which
has been delayed only by the time required for electronic
communication. This implies that there are no noticeable delays.
See also near real time.
rear area
For any particular command, the area extending forward
from its rear boundary to the rear of the area assigned to the
next lower level of command. This area is provided primarily for
the performance of support functions. See also Army service
area.
rear area operations center/rear tactical operations center
A command and control facility that serves as an area
and/or subarea commander's planning, coordinating, monitoring,
advising, and directing agency for area security operations.
rear echelon
Elements of a force which are not required in the
objective area.
rear guard
1. The rearmost elements of an advancing or a withdrawing
force. It has the following functions: to protect the rear of a
column from hostile forces; during the withdrawal, to delay the
enemy; during the advance, to keep supply routes open. 2.
Security detachment that a moving ground force details to the
rear to keep it informed and covered. See also guard.
rearming
1. An operation that replenishes the prescribed stores of
ammunition, bombs, and other armament items for an aircraft,
naval ship, tank, or armored vehicle (including replacement of
defective ordnance equipment) in order to make it ready for
combat service. 2. Resetting the fuze on a bomb or on an
artillery, mortar, or rocket projectile so that it will detonate
at the desired time.
reattack recommendation
An assessment, derived from the results of battle
damageassessment and munitions effectiveness assessment,
providing the commander systematic advice on reattack of targets
and further target selection to achieve objectives. The reattack
recommendation considers objective achievement, target,
andaimpoint selection, attack timing, tactics, and weapon system
and munitions selection. The reattack recommendation is a
combined operations and intelligence function. Also called RR.
See alsoassessment; battle damage assessment; munitions
effectiveness assessment; target.
rebuild
The restoration of an item to a standard as nearly as
possible to its original condition in appearance, performance,
and life expectancy. See also overhaul; repair.
receipt
A transmission made by a receiving station to indicate
that a message has been satisfactorily received.
receipt into the supply system
That point in time when the first item or first quantity
of the item of the contract has been received at or is en route
to point of first delivery after inspection and acceptance. See
also procurement lead time.
receiving ship
The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the rig(s).
reception
1. All ground arrangements connected with the delivery and
disposition of air or sea drops. Includes selection and
preparation of site, signals for warning and approach,
facilitation of secure departure of agents, speedy collection of
delivered articles, and their prompt removal to storage places
having maximum security. When a group is involved, it may be
called a reception committee. 2. Arrangements to welcome and
provide secure quarters or transportation for defectors,
escapees, evaders, or incoming agents. 3. The process of
receiving, offloading, marshalling, and transporting of
personnel, equipment, and materiel from the strategic and/or
intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface
transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area.
reclama
A request to duly constituted authority to reconsider its
decision or its proposed action.
recognition
1. The determination by any means of the individuality of
persons, or of objects such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of
phenomena such as communications-electronics patterns. 2. In
ground combat operations, the determination that an object is
similar within a category of something already known; e.g.,
tank, truck, man.
recognition signal
Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units may
identify each other.
recompression chamber
See hyperbaric chamber.
reconnaissance
A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual
observation or other detection methods, information about the
activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy, or to
secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or
geographic characteristics of a particular area. Also called
RECON.
reconnaissance by fire
A method of reconnaissance in which fire is placed
on a suspected enemy position to cause the enemy to disclose a
presence by movement or return of fire.
reconnaissance exploitation report
A standard message format used to report the results
of a tactical air reconnaissance mission. Whenever possible the
report should include the interpretation of sensor imagery. Also
called RECCEXREP.
reconnaissance in force
An offensive operation designed to discover and/or
test the enemy's strength or to obtain other information.
reconnaissance patrol
See patrol.
reconnaissance photography
Photography taken to obtain information on the results of
bombing, or on enemy movements, concentrations, activities, and
forces. The primary purposes do not include making maps, charts,
or mosaics
reconstitution site
A location selected by the surviving command authority as
the site at which a damaged or destroyed headquarters can be
reformed from survivors of the attack and/or personnel from
other sources, predesignated as replacements.
record information
All forms (e.g., narrative, graphic, data, computer
memory) of information registered in either temporary or
permanent form so that it can be retrieved, reproduced, or
preserved
recoverable item
An item that normally is not consumed in use and is
subject to return for repair or disposal. See also reparable
item.
recovery
1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission
which involves the return of an aircraft to a land base or
platform afloat. 2. The retrieval of a mine from the location
where emplaced. 3. Actions taken to rescue or extract personnel
for return to friendly control. 4. Actions taken to extricate
damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly control or
repair at another location. See also evader; evasion; evasion
and recovery; recovery; recovery force
recovery activation signal
In evasion and recovery operations, a precoordinated
signal from an evader that indicates his or her presence in an
area to a receiving or observing source that indicates "I am
here, start the recovery planning." Also called RAS. See also
evader; evasion; evasion and recovery; recovery operations;
signal.
recovery airfield
Any airfield, military or civil, at which aircraft might
land post-H-hour. It is not expected that combat missions would
be conducted from a recovery airfield. See also airfield.
recovery and reconstitution
1. Those actions taken by one nation prior to, during, and
following an attack by an enemy nation to minimize the effects
of the attack, rehabilitate the national economy, provide for
the welfare of the populace, and maximize the combat potential
of remaining forces and supporting activities. 2. Those actions
taken by a military force during or after operational employment
to restore its combat capability to full operational readiness.
See also recovery.
recovery force
In evasion and recovery operations, an organization
consisting of personnel and equipment with a mission of seeking
out evaders, contacting them, and returning them to friendly
control. See also evader; evasion; evasion and recovery;
recovery operations.
recovery operations
Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify,
rescue, and return personnel, sensitive equipment, or items
critical to national security.
recovery procedures
See explosive ordnance disposal procedures.
recovery site
In evasion and escape usage, an area from which an evader
or an escapee can be evacuated. See also escapee; evader;
evasion; evasion and escape.
recovery vehicle
In combat search and rescue, the vehicle (aircraft,
maritime, or land), on which isolated personnel are boarded and
transported from the pickup site.
recovery zone
A designated geographic area from which special operations
forces can be extracted by air, boat, or other means. Also
called RZ.
rectification
In photogrammetry, the process of projecting a
tilted or oblique photograph on to a horizontal reference plane.
recuperation
Not to be used. See recovery and reconstitution.
recurring demand
A request by an authorized requisitioner to satisfy a
materiel requirement for consumption or stock replenishment that
is anticipated to recur periodically. Demands for which the
probability of future occurrence is unknown will be considered
as recurring. Recurring demands will be considered by the
supporting supply system in order to procure, store, and
distribute materiel to meet similar demands in the future.
redeployment
The transfer of forces and materiel to support another
joint force commander's operational requirements, or to return
personnel, equipment, and materiel to the home and/or
demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing.
See also deployment.
redeployment airfield
An airfield not occupied in its entirety in
peacetime, but available immediately upon outbreak of war for
use and occupation by units redeployed from their peacetime
locations. It must have substantially the same standard of
operational facilities as the main airfield. See also airfield;
departure airfield; diversion airfield; main airfield.
RED HORSE
Air Force units are wartime-structured to provide a heavy
engineer capability. They have a responsibility across the
operational area, are not tied to a specific base, and are not
responsible for base operation and maintenance. These units are
mobile, rapidly deployable, and largely self-sufficient, for
limited periods of time.
redistribution
The utilization of logistic resources after Transfer of
Authority necessary for the fulfillment of the commander's
combat missions. The logistic resources are designated in
peacetime and will become assigned to the NATO commander in
crisis and conflict.
reduced charge
1. The smaller of the two propelling charges available for
naval guns. 2. Charge employing a reduced amount of propellant
to fire a gun at short ranges as compared to a normal charge.
See also normal charge.
reduced lighting
The reduction in brightness of ground vehicle lights
by either reducing power or by screening in such a way that any
visible light is limited in output. See also normal lighting.
reduced operational status
Applies to the Military Sealift Command ships withdrawn
from full operational status (FOS) because of decreased
operational requirements. A ship in reduced operational status
is crewed in accordance with shipboard maintenance and possible
future operational requirements, with crew size predetermined
contractually. The condition of readiness in terms of calendar
days required to attain FOS is designated by the numeral
following the acronym ROS (i.e., ROS-5). Also called ROS. See
also Military Sealift Command.
reduction
The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to
allow passage of the attacking ground force.
reduction (photographic)
The production of a negative, diapositive, or print at a
scale smaller than the original.
reefer
1. A refrigerator. 2. A motor vehicle, railroad freight
car, ship, aircraft, or other conveyance, so constructed and
insulated as to protect commodities from either heat or cold.
reentry phase
That portion of the trajectory of a ballistic missile or
space vehicle where there is a significant interaction of the
vehicle and the Earth's atmosphere. See also boost phase;
midcourse phase; terminal phase.
reentry vehicle
That part of a space vehicle designed to re-enter
the Earth's atmosphere in the terminal portion of its
trajectory. Also called RV. See also maneuverable reentry
vehicle; multiple reentry vehicle.
reference datum
As used in the loading of aircraft, an imaginary vertical
plane at or near the nose of the aircraft from which all
horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes. Diagrams
of each aircraft show this reference datum as "balance station
zero."
reference diversion point
One of a number of positions selected by the routing
authority on both sides of the route of a convoy or independent
to facilitate diversion at sea.
reference point
A prominent, easily located point in the terrain.
reflected shock wave
When a shock wave traveling in a medium strikes the
interface between this medium and a denser medium, part of the
energy of the shock wave induces a shock wave in the denser
medium and the remainder of the energy results in the formation
of a reflected shock wave that travels back through the less
dense medium.
reflex sight
An optical or computing sight that reflects a
reticle image (or images) onto a combining glass for
superimposition on the target.
refraction
The process by which the direction of a wave is changed
when moving into shallow water at an angle to the bathymetric
contours. The crest of the wave advancing in shallower water
moves more slowly than the crest still advancing in deeper
water, causing the wave crest to bend toward alignment with the
underwater contours.
refuge area
A coastal area considered safe from enemy attack to
which merchant ships may be ordered to proceed when the shipping
movement policy is implemented. See also safe anchorage
refugee
A person who, by reason of real or imagined danger, has
left their home country or country of their nationality and is
unwilling or unable to return. See also dislocated civilian;
displaced person; evacuee; expellee; stateless person.
regimental landing team
A task organization for landing comprised of an infantry
regiment reinforced by those elements that are required for
initiation of its combat function ashore.
regional satellite communications support center
United States Strategic Command operational element
responsible for providing the operational communications
planners with a single all-spectrum (extremely high frequency,
super-high frequency, ultrahigh frequency, Ku, and Ka) point of
contact for accessing and managing satellite communications
(SATCOM) resources. Specific tasks include: supporting combatant
commanders' deliberate and crisis planning, assisting combatant
commanders in day-to-day management of apportioned resources and
allocating non-apportioned resources, assisting theater spectrum
managers, and facilitating SATCOM interface to the defense
information infrastructure. Also called RSSC.
register
In cartography, the correct position of one
component of a composite map image in relation to the other
components, at each stage of production.
registration
The adjustment of fire to determine firing data
corrections.
registration fire
Fire delivered to obtain accurate data for
subsequent effective engagement of targets. See also fire.
registration point
Terrain feature or other designated point on which
fire is adjusted for the purpose of obtaining corrections to
firing data.
regrade
To determine that certain classified information requires,
in the interests of national defense, a higher or a lower degree
of protection against unauthorized disclosure than currently
provided, coupled with a changing of the classification
designation to reflect such higher or lower degree.
regular drill
See unit training assembly.
regulated item
Any item whose issue to a user is subject to control
by an appropriate authority for reasons that may include cost,
scarcity, technical or hazardous nature, or operational
significance. Also called controlled item. See also critical
supplies and materiel.
regulating point
An anchorage, port, or ocean area to which assault and
assault follow-on echelons and follow-up shipping proceed on a
schedule, and at which they are normally controlled by the
commander, amphibious task force, until needed in the transport
area for unloading. See also assault; commander, amphibious task
force.
regulating station
A command agency established to control all movements of
personnel and supplies into or out of a given area.
rehabilitation
1. The processing, usually in a relatively quiet
area, of units or individuals recently withdrawn from combat or
arduous duty, during which units recondition equipment and are
rested, furnished special facilities, filled up with
replacements, issued replacement supplies and equipment, given
training, and generally made ready for employment in future
operations. 2. The action performed in restoring an installation
to authorized design standards
rehearsal phase
In amphibious operations, the period during which the
prospective operation is practiced for the purpose of: (1)
testing adequacy of plans, the timing of detailed operations,
and the combat readiness of participating forces; (2) ensuring
that all echelons are familiar with plans; and (3) testing
communications-information systems. See also amphibious
operation.
reinforcement training unit
See voluntary training unit.
reinforcing
A support mission in which the supporting unit assists the
supported unit to accomplish the supported unit's mission. Only
like units (e.g., artillery to artillery, intelligence to
intelligence, armor to armor, etc) can be given a
reinforcing/reinforced mission.
reinforcing obstacles
Those obstacles specifically constructed, emplaced, or
detonated through military effort and designed to strengthen
existing terrain to disrupt, fix, turn, or block enemy movement.
See also obstacle.
relateral tell
The relay of information between facilities through
the use of a third facility. This type of telling is appropriate
between automated facilities in a degraded communications
environment. See also track telling.
relative altitude
See vertical separation.
relative bearing
The direction expressed as a horizontal angle
normally measured clockwise from the forward point of the
longitudinal axis of a vehicle, aircraft, or ship to an object
or body. See also bearing; grid bearing.
relative biological effectiveness
The ratio of the number of rads of gamma (or X) radiation
of a certain energy that will produce a specified biological
effect to the number of rads of another radiation required to
produce the same effect measures the "relative biological
effectiveness" of the latter radiation.
release
In air armament, the intentional separation of a
free-fall aircraft store, from its suspension equipment, for
purposes of employment of the store.
release altitude
Altitude of an aircraft above the ground at the time of
release of bombs, rockets, missiles, tow targets, etc.
release point (road)
A well-defined point on a route at which the elements
composing a column return under the authority of their
respective commanders, each one of these elements continuing its
movement towards its own appropriate destination.
releasing commander (nuclear weapons)
A commander who has been delegated authority to approve
the use of nuclear weapons within prescribed limits. See also
executing commander (nuclear weapons).
releasing officer
A properly designated individual who may authorize the
sending of a message for and in the name of the originator. See
also originator.
reliability diagram
In cartography, a diagram showing the dates and
quality of the source material from which a map or chart has
been compiled. See also information box.
reliability of source
See evaluation.
relief
Inequalities of evaluation and the configuration of
land features on the surface of the Earth which may be
represented on maps or charts by contours, hypsometric tints,
shading, or spot elevations.
relief in place
An operation in which, by direction of higher
authority, all or part of a unit is replaced in an area by the
incoming unit. The responsibilities of the replaced elements for
the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred
to the incoming unit. The incoming unit continues the operation
as ordered.
religious support
The entire spectrum of professional duties that a chaplain
provides and performs in the dual role of religious leader and
staff officer assisted by enlisted support personnel. See also
combatant command chaplain; command chaplain; lay leader;
religious support plan; religious support team.
religious support plan
A plan that describes how religious support will be
provided to all members of a joint force. When approved by the
commander, it may be included as an annex to an operation plan.
Also called RSP. See also combatant command chaplain; command
chaplain; lay leader; religious support; religious support team.
religious support team
A team that is composed of at least one chaplain and one
enlisted support person. Religious support teams assigned at
Joint Staff and combatant command level may be from different
Services; those assigned at joint task force and below are
normally from the same Service. The team works together in
designing, implementing, and executing the command religious
program. Also called RST. See also combatant command chaplain;
command chaplain; lay leader; religious support; religious
support plan.
relocatable building
A building designed to be readily moved, erected,
disassembled, stored, and reused. All types of buildings or
building forms designed to provide relocatable capabilities are
included in this definition. In classifying buildings as
relocatable, the estimated funded and unfunded costs for average
building disassembly, repackaging (including normal repair and
refurbishment of components), and nonrecoverable building
components, including typical foundations, may not exceed 20
percent of the building acquisition cost. Excluded from this
definition are building types and forms that are provided as an
integral part of a mobile equipment item and that are incidental
portions of such equipment components, such as communications
vans or trailers
remain-behind equipment
Unit equipment left by deploying forces at their bases
when they deploy.
remaining forces
The total surviving United States forces at any given
stage of combat operations.
remote delivery
In mine warfare, the delivery of mines to a target
area by any means other than direct emplacement. The exact
position of mines so laid may not be known.
remotely piloted vehicle
An unmanned vehicle capable of being controlled from
a distant location through a communication link. It is normally
designed to be recoverable. See also drone.
render safe procedures
See explosive ordnance disposal procedures.
rendezvous area
In an amphibious operation, the area in which the landing
craft and amphibious vehicles rendezvous to form waves after
being loaded, and prior to movement to the line of departure.
reorder cycle
The interval between successive reorder (procurement)
actions.
reorder point
1. That point at which time a stock replenishment
requisition would be submitted to maintain the predetermined or
calculated stockage objective. 2. The sum of the safety level of
supply plus the level for order and shipping time equals the
reorder point. See also level of supply.
repair
The restoration of an item to serviceable condition
through correction of a specific failure or unserviceable
condition. See also overhaul; rebuild.
repair and restoration
Repair, beyond emergency repair, of war-damaged facilities
to restore operational capability in accordance with combatant
command standards of construction, including repair and
restoration of pavement surfaces. Normally, repairs to
facilities will be made using materials similar to those of the
original construction. For severely damaged facilities (i.e.,
essentially destroyed), restoration may require reconstruction.
repair cycle
The stages through which a reparable item passes from the
time of its removal or replacement until it is reinstalled or
placed in stock in a serviceable condition.
repair cycle aircraft
Aircraft in the active inventory that are in or awaiting
depot maintenance, including those in transit to or from depot
maintenance.
reparable item
An item that can be reconditioned or economically repaired
for reuse when it becomes unserviceable. See also recoverable
item.
repatriate
A person who returns to his or her country or citizenship,
having left said native country either against his or her will,
or as one of a group who left for reason of politics, religion,
or other pertinent reasons.
repatriation
1. The procedure whereby American citizens and their
families are officially processed back into the United States
subsequent to an evacuation. See also evacuation. 2. The release
and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in
accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the
Treatment of Prisoners of War.
repeater-jammer
A receiver transmitter device which amplifies,
multiplies, and retransmits the signals received, for purposes
of deception or jamming
replacement demand
A demand representing replacement of items consumed or
worn out.
replacement factor
The estimated percentage of equipment or repair
parts in use that will require replacement during a given period
due to wearing out beyond repair, enemy action, abandonment,
pilferage, and other causes except catastrophes.
replacements
Personnel required to take the place of others who depart
a unit.
replenishment at sea
Those operations required to make a transfer of
personnel and/or supplies when at sea.
reported unit
A unit designation that has been mentioned in an agent
report, captured document, or interrogation report, but for
which available information is insufficient to include the unit
in accepted order of battle holdings.
reporting post
An element of the control and reporting system used
to extend the radar coverage of the control and reporting
center. It does not undertake the control of aircraft.
reporting time interval
1. In surveillance, the time interval between the
detection of an event and the receipt of a report by the user.
2. In communications, the time for transmission of data or a
report from the originating terminal to the end receiver. See
also near real time.
representative downwind direction
During the forecast period, the mean surface
downwind direction in the hazard area towards which the cloud
travels.
representative downwind speed
The mean surface downwind speed in the hazard area
during the forecast period.
representative fraction
The scale of a map, chart, or photograph expressed as a
fraction or ratio. See also scale.
request for information
1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for
intelligence information or products to support an ongoing
crisis or operation not necessarily related to standing
requirements or scheduled intelligence production. A request for
information can be initiated to respond to operational
requirements and will be validated in accordance with the
theater command's procedures. 2. The National Security
Agency/Central Security Service uses this term to state ad hoc
signals intelligence requirements. Also called RFI. See also
information; intelligence.
request modify
In artillery and naval gunfire support, a request by
any person, other than the person authorized to make
modifications to a fire plan, for a modification.
required delivery date
The date that a force must arrive at the destination and
complete unloading. Also called RDD.
required supply rate (ammunition)
The amount of ammunition expressed in terms of rounds per
weapon per day for ammunition items fired by weapons (and in
terms of other units of measure per day for bulk allotment and
other items) estimated to be required to sustain operations of
any designated force without restriction for a specified period.
Tactical commanders use this rate to state their requirements
for ammunition to support planned tactical operations at
specified intervals. The required supply rate is submitted
through command channels. It is consolidated at each echelon and
is considered by each commander in subsequently determining the
controlled supply rate within the command. Also called RSR. See
also ammunition controlled supply rate.
requirements
See military requirement.
requirements capability
This capability provides a Joint Operation Planning and
Execution System user with the ability to identify, update,
review, and delete data on forces and sustainment required to
support an operation plan or course of action.
requirements management system
A system for the management of theater and national
imagery collection requirements that provides automated tools
for users in support of submission, review, and validation of
imagery nominations as requirements to be tasked on national or
Department of Defense imagery collection, production, and
exploitation resources. Also called RMS. See also imagery.
requisition
1. An authoritative demand or request especially for
personnel, supplies, or services authorized but not made
available without specific request. (DOD only) 2. To demand or
require services from an invaded or conquered nation.
requisitioning objective
The maximum quantities of materiel to be maintained on
hand and on order to sustain current operations. It will consist
of the sum of stocks represented by the operating level, safety
level, and the order and shipping time or procurement lead time,
as appropriate. See also level of supply.
rescue combat air patrol
An aircraft patrol provided over a combat search and
rescue objective area for the purpose of intercepting and
destroying hostile aircraft. Its primary mission is to protect
the search and rescue task forces during recovery operations.
Also called RESCAP. See also combat air patrol.
rescue coordination center
A primary search and rescue facility suitably staffed by
supervisory personnel and equipped for coordinating and
controlling search and rescue and/or combat search and rescue
operations. The facility is operated unilaterally by personnel
of a single Service or component. For Navy component operations,
this facility may be called a rescue coordination team. Also
called RCC (or RCT for Navy component). See also combat search
and rescue; joint search and rescue center; search and rescue.
rescue ship
In shipping control, a ship of a convoy stationed at
the rear of a convoy column to rescue survivors.
research
All effort directed toward increased knowledge of natural
phenomena and environment and toward the solution of problems in
all fields of science. This includes basic and applied research.
reseau
A grid system of a standard size in the image plane
of a photographic system used for mensuration purposes
reservation
The stated qualification by a nation that describes the
part of a standardization agreement that it will not implement
or will implement only with limitations. See also
implementation; ratification; subscription.
reserve
1. Portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear,
or withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement, in
order to be available for a decisive movement. 2. Members of the
Military Services who are not in active service but who are
subject to call to active duty. 3. Portion of an appropriation
or contract authorization held or set aside for future
operations or contingencies and, in respect to which,
administrative authorization to incur commitments or obligations
has been withheld. See also operational reserve; reserve
supplies.
reserve aircraft
Those aircraft that have been accumulated in excess of
immediate needs for active aircraft and are retained in the
inventory against possible future needs. See also aircraft.
reserve component category
The category that identifies an individual's status in a
reserve component. The three reserve component categories are
Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. Each
reservist is identified by a specific reserve component category
designation.
Reserve Components
Reserve Components of the Armed Forces of the United
States are: a. the Army National Guard of the United States; b.
the Army Reserve; c. the Naval Reserve; d. the Marine Corps
Reserve; e. the Air National Guard of the United States; f. the
Air Force Reserve; and g. the Coast Guard Reserve. Also called
RC. See also component; reserve.
reserved demolition target
A target for demolition, the destruction of which must be
controlled at a specific level of command because it plays a
vital part in the tactical, operational, or strategic plan, or
because of the importance of the structure itself, or because
the demolition may be executed in the face of the enemy. See
also demolition target.
reserved obstacles
Those demolition obstacles that are deemed critical to the
plan for which the authority to detonate is reserved by the
designating commander. See also obstacle.
reserved route
In road traffic, a specific route allocated
exclusively to an authority or formation. See also route.
reserve supplies
Supplies accumulated in excess of immediate needs for the
purpose of ensuring continuity of an adequate supply. Also
called reserves. See also battle reserves; beach reserves;
contingency retention stock; economic retention stock;
individual reserves; initial reserves; unit reserves.
residual capabilities assessment
Provides an automated or manual crisis action capability
to assess the effects of weapons of mass destruction events for
operations planning. Residual capabilities assessment tasks
include, but are not limited to, assessment of infrastructure
and facility damage, fallout prediction, weapons effect
analysis, population impact assessment, and tracking strategic
assets.
residual contamination
Contamination which remains after steps have been
taken to remove it. These steps may consist of nothing more than
allowing the contamination to decay normally.
residual forces
Unexpended portions of the remaining United States forces
that have an immediate combat potential for continued military
operations, and that have been deliberately withheld from
utilization.
residual radiation
Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial
dispersion of radioactive material, or irradiation which results
from a nuclear explosion and persists longer than one minute
after burst. See also contamination; induced radiation; initial
radiation.
residual radioactivity
Nuclear radiation that results from radioactive sources
and persists for longer than one minute. Sources of residual
radioactivity created by nuclear explosions include fission
fragments and radioactive matter created primarily by neutron
activation, but may also be created by gamma and other radiation
activation. Other possible sources of residual radioactivity
include radioactive material created and dispersed by means
other than nuclear explosion. See also contamination; induced
radiation; initial radiation.
resistance movement
An organized effort by some portion of the civil
population of a country to resist the legally established
government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and
stability.
resolution
1. A measurement of the smallest detail that can be
distinguished by a sensor system under specific conditions. 2. A
formal expression of an official body such as Congress, the
United Nations Security Council, or North Atlantic Treaty
Organization North Atlantic Committee that may provide the basis
for or set limits on a military operation.
resource management operations
The execution of the resource management mission that
includes providing advice and guidance to the commander,
developing command resource requirements, identifying sources of
funding, determining cost, acquiring funds, distributing and
controlling funds, tracking costs and obligations, cost
capturing and reimbursement procedures, and establishing a
management control process. See also financial management.
resources
The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities
apportioned or allocated to the commander of a unified or
specified command
response force
A mobile force with appropriate fire support designated,
usually by the area commander, to deal with Level II threats in
the rear area. Also called RF.
responsibility
1. The obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a
successful conclusion. With responsibility goes authority to
direct and take the necessary action to ensure success. 2. The
obligation for the proper custody, care, and safekeeping of
property or funds entrusted to the possession or supervision of
an individual. See also accountability.
responsor
An electronic device used to receive an electronic
challenge and display a reply thereto.
rest and recuperation
The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a
combat area for short periods of rest and recuperation. Also
called R&R. See also rehabilitation.
restitution
The process of determining the true planimetric
position of objects whose images appear on photographs.
restitution factor
See correlation factor.
restorative and rehabilitative care
A period of minimal care and increasing physical activity
necessary to restore patients to functional health and allow
their return to duty or useful and productive life. Restorative
and rehabilitative treatment may be available in theater on a
limited basis due to the theater evacuation policy. This
treatment is normally provided in the continental United States.
See also evacuation policy; patient; theater.
restraint of loads
The process of binding, lashing, and wedging items into
one unit or into its transporter in a manner that will ensure
immobility during transit.
restricted area
1. An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special
restrictive measures employed to prevent or minimize
interference between friendly forces. 2. An area under military
jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to
prevent unauthorized entry. See also air surface zone;
controlled firing area; restricted areas (air).
restricted areas (air)
Designated areas established by appropriate authority over
which flight of aircraft is restricted. They are shown on
aeronautical charts, published in notices to airmen, and
provided in publications of aids to air navigation. See also
restricted area.
restricted dangerous air cargo
Cargo which does not belong to the highly dangerous
category but which is hazardous and requires, for transport by
cargo or passenger aircraft, extra precautions in packing and
handling.
restricted data
All data (information) concerning: a. design, manufacture,
or use of atomic weapons; b. the production of special nuclear
material; or c. the use of special nuclear material in the
production of energy, but shall not include data declassified or
removed from the restricted data category pursuant to Section
142 of the Atomic Energy Act. (Section 11w, Atomic Energy Act of
1954, as amended.) See also formerly restricted data.
restricted items list
A document listing those logistic goods and services for
which nations must coordinate any contracting activity with a
commander's centralized contracting organization.
restricted operations area
Airspace of defined dimensions, designated by the
airspace control authority, in response to specific operational
situations/requirements within which the operation of one or
more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROA
restricted target list
A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the
joint force and approved by the joint force commander. This list
also includes restricted targets directed by higher authorities.
Also called RTL. See also restricted targets; target.
restricted targets
Targets that have specific restrictions imposed upon them.
Actions that exceed specified restrictions are prohibited until
coordinated and approved by the establishing headquarters. See
also target
restrictive fire area
An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and
into which fires that exceed those restrictions will not be
delivered without coordination with the establishing
headquarters. Also called RFA. See also fires.
restrictive fire line
A line established between converging friendly surface
forces that prohibits fires or their effects across that line.
Also called RFL. See also fires.
restrictive fire plan
A safety measure for friendly aircraft which
establishes airspace that is reasonably safe from friendly
surface delivered non-nuclear fires.
resupply
The act of replenishing stocks in order to maintain
required levels of supply.
resuscitative care
The aggressive management of life- and limb-threatening
injuries. Interventions include emergency medical treatment,
advanced trauma management, and lifesaving surgery to enable the
patient to tolerate evacuation to the next level of care. See
also evacuation; patient.
retain
1. When used in the context of deliberate planning, the
directed command will keep the referenced operation plan or
operation plan in concept format, and any associated joint
operation planning system or Joint Operation Planning and
Execution System automated data processing files in an inactive
library or status. The plan and its associated files will not be
maintained unless directed by follow-on guidance. See also
archive; maintain. 2. A tactical task to occupy and hold a
terrain feature to ensure that it is free of enemy occupation or
use.
retained personnel
Enemy personnel who come within any of the categories
below are eligible to be certified as retained personnel. a.
Medical personnel exclusively engaged in the: (1) Search for
collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick; (2)
Prevention of disease; and/or (3) Staff administration of
medical units and establishments exclusively. b. Chaplains
attached to enemy armed forces. c. Staff of national Red Cross
societies and other voluntary aid societies duly recognized and
authorized by their governments. The staffs of such societies
must be subject to military laws and regulations. Also called
RP. See also personnel.
reticle
A mark such as a cross or a system of lines lying in
the image plane of a viewing apparatus. It may be used singly as
a reference mark on certain types of monocular instruments or as
one of a pair to form a floating mark as in certain types of
stereoscopes. See also graticule.
Retired Reserve
All Reserve members who receive retirement pay on the
basis of their active duty and/or Reserve service; those members
who are otherwise eligible for retirement pay but have not
reached age 60 and who have not elected discharge and are not
voluntary members of the Ready or Standby Reserve. See also
active duty; Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve.
retirement
An operation in which a force out of contact moves
away from the enemy.
retrofit action
Action taken to modify inservice equipment.
retrograde cargo
Cargo evacuated from a theater.
retrograde movement
Any movement of a command to the rear, or away from the
enemy. It may be forced by the enemy or may be made voluntarily.
Such movements may be classified as withdrawal, retirement, or
delaying action.
retrograde operation
See retrograde movement.
retrograde personnel
Personnel evacuated from a theater who may include medical
patients, noncombatants, and civilians.
returned to military control
The status of a person whose casualty status of "duty
status - whereabouts unknown" or "missing" has been changed due
to the person's return or recovery by US military authority.
Also called RMC. See also casualty status; duty status -
whereabouts unknown; missing.
return load
Personnel and/or cargo to be transported by a
returning carrier.
return to base
An order to proceed to the point indicated by the
displayed information or by verbal communication. This point is
being used to return the aircraft to a place at which the
aircraft can land. Command heading, speed, and altitude may be
used, if desired. Also called RTB.
revolutionary
An individual attempting to effect a social or political
change through the use of extreme measures. See also
antiterrorism.
revolving fund
A fund established to finance a cycle of operations to
which reimbursements and collections are returned for reuse in a
manner such as will maintain the principal of the fund, e.g.,
working capital funds, industrial funds, and loan funds.
riding off
Maneuvering one's unit in order to cause an opposing force
to turn away. Also known as blocking; defensive blocking.
right (left) bank
See left (right) bank.
right (or left)
See left (or right).
riot control agent
Any chemical, that is not listed in the Chemical Weapons
Convention, which can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritate
or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short
time following termination of exposure. See also chemical
warfare.
riot control operations
The employment of riot control agents and/or special
tactics, formations, and equipment in the control of violent
disorders
rising mine
In naval mine warfare, a mine having positive
buoyancy which is released from a sinker by a ship influence or
by a timing device. The mine may fire by contact, hydrostatic
pressure, or other means.
risk
1. Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards. 2. See
degree of risk. See also hazard; risk management.
risk assessment
The identification and assessment of hazards (first two
steps of risk management process).
risk management
The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling,
risks arising from operational factors and making decisions
thatbalance risk cost with mission benefits. Also called RM. See
also risk.
riverine area
An inland or coastal area comprising both land and water,
characterized by limited land lines of communication, with
extensive water surface and/or inland waterways that provide
natural routes for surface transportation and communications.
riverine operations
Operations conducted by forces organized to cope with and
exploit the unique characteristics of a riverine area, to locate
and destroy hostile forces, and/or to achieve or maintain
control of the riverine area. Joint riverine operations combine
land, naval, and air operations, as appropriate, and are suited
to the nature of the specific riverine area in which operations
are to be conducted.
road block
A barrier or obstacle (usually covered by fire) used
to block or limit the movement of hostile vehicles along a
route.
road capacity
The maximum traffic flow obtainable on a given roadway
using all available lanes; usually expressed in vehicles per
hour or vehicles per day.
road clearance time
The total time a column requires to travel over and
clear a section of the road.
road hazard sign
A sign used to indicate traffic hazards. Military
hazard signs should be used in a communications zone area only
in accordance with existing agreements with national
authorities.
road net
The system of roads available within a particular locality
or area.
road space
The length of roadway allocated to and/or actually
occupied by a column on a route, expressed in miles or
kilometers.
rocket propulsion
Reaction propulsion wherein both the fuel and the
oxidizer, generating the hot gases expended through a nozzle,
are carried as part of the rocket engine. Specifically, rocket
propulsion differs from jet propulsion in that jet propulsion
utilizes atmospheric air as an oxidizer, whereas rocket
propulsion utilizes nitric acid or a similar compound as an
oxidizer. See also jet propulsion.
roentgen
A unit of exposure dose of gamma (or X-) radiation.
In field dosimetry, one roentgen is essentially equal to one
rad.
roentgen equivalent mammal
One roentgen equivalent mammal is the quantity of ionizing
radiation of any type which, when absorbed by man or other
mammal, produces a physiological effect equivalent to that
produced by the absorption of 1 roentgen of X-ray or gamma
radiation. Also called REM.
role number
In the medical field, the classification of
treatment facilities according to their different capabilities.
role specialist nation
A nation that has agreed to assume responsibility for
providing a particular class of supply or service for all or
part of the multinational force. Also called RSN. See also lead
nation; multinational force.
roll back
The process of progressive destruction and/or
neutralization of the opposing defenses, starting at the
periphery and working inward, to permit deeper penetration of
succeeding defense positions.
roll-in-point
The point at which aircraft enter the final leg of the
attack, e.g., dive, glide.
roll-on/roll-off discharge facility
Provides a means of disembarking vehicles from a roll-on
and roll-off ship to lighterage. The roll-on/roll-off discharge
facility consists of six causeway sections, nonpowered assembled
into a platform that is two sections long and three sections
wide. When use of landing craft, utility, as lighters is being
considered, a seventh "sea end" causeway section, on-powered,
fitted with a rhino horn is required. The roll-on/roll-off
discharge facility assembly includes fendering, lighting, and a
ramp for vehicle movement from ship to the platform. Also called
RRDF. See also facility; lighterage.
roll-up
The process for orderly dismantling of facilities no
longer required in support of operations and available for
transfer to other areas.
romper
A ship which has moved more than 10 nautical miles
ahead of its convoy, and is unable to rejoin it. See also
straggler.
rope
An element of chaff consisting of a long roll of
metallic foil or wire which is designed for broad, low-frequency
responses. See also chaff.
rough terrain container handler
A piece of materials handling equipment used to pick up
and move containers. Also called RTCH. See also materials
handling equipment.
route
The prescribed course to be traveled from a specific
point of origin to a specific destination. See also axial route;
controlled route; dispatch route; lateral route; reserved route;
signed route; supervised route
route capacity
1. The maximum traffic flow of vehicles in one
direction at the most restricted point on the route. 2. The
maximum number of metric tons which can be moved in one
direction over a particular route in one hour. It is the product
of the maximum traffic flow and the average payload of the
vehicles using the route. See also railway line capacity.
route classification
Classification assigned to a route using factors of
minimum width, worst route type, least bridge, raft, or culvert
military load classification, and obstructions to traffic flow.
See also military load classification.
route lanes
A series of parallel tracks for the routing of
independently sailed ships.
routine message
A category of precedence to be used for all types of
messages that justify transmission by rapid means unless of
sufficient urgency to require a higher precedence. See also
precedence.
routine supplies
Those items delivered as a result of normal requisitioning
procedures to replace expended supplies or to build up reserve
stocks. See also follow-up supplies; supplies.
routing indicator
A group of letters assigned to indicate: a. the geographic
location of a station; b. a fixed headquarters of a command,
activity, or unit at a geographic location; and c. the general
location of a tape relay or tributary station to facilitate the
routing of traffic over the tape relay networks.
row marker
In land mine warfare, a natural, artificial, or
specially installed marker, located at the start or finish of a
mine row where mines are laid by individual rows. See also
marker.
rules of engagement
Directives issued by competent military authority that
delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United
States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement
with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. See also law of
war.
run
1. That part of a flight of one photographic
reconnaissance aircraft during which photographs are taken. 2.
The transit of a sweeper-sweep combination or of a mine-hunter
operating its equipment through a lap. This term may also be
applied to a transit of any formation of sweepers.
runway visual range
The maximum distance in the direction of takeoff or
landing at which the runway, or specified lights or markers
delineating it, can be seen from a position above a specified
point on its center line at a height corresponding to the
average eye level of pilots at touch-down.
rupture zone
The region immediately adjacent to the crater
boundary in which the stresses produced by the explosion have
exceeded the ultimate strength of the medium. It is
characterized by the appearance of numerous radial cracks of
various sizes. See also plastic zone.
ruse
In military deception, a trick of war designed to deceive
the adversary, usually involving the deliberate exposure of
false information to the adversary's intelligence collection
system.
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