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Glossary of Military Terms
objective
1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goals
towards which every military operation should be directed. 2.
The specific target of the action taken (for example, a definite
terrain feature, the seizure or holding of which is essential to
the commander's plan, or, an enemy force or capability without
regard to terrain features). See also target.
objective area
A defined geographical area within which is located
an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces.
This area is defined by competent authority for purposes of
command and control. Also called OA.
objective force level
The level of military forces that needs to be attained
within a finite time frame and resource level to accomplish
approved military objectives, missions, or tasks. See also
military requirement.
obligated reservist
An individual who has a statutory requirement imposed by
the Military Selective Service Act of 1967 or Section 651, Title
10, United States Code, to serve on active duty in the armed
forces or to serve while not on active duty in a Reserve
Component for a period not to exceed that prescribed by the
applicable statute.
oblique air photograph
An air photograph taken with the camera axis
directed between the horizontal and vertical planes. Commonly
referred to as an "oblique." a. High Oblique. One in which the
apparent horizon appears. b. Low Oblique. One in which the
apparent horizon does not appear.
oblique air photograph strip
Photographic strip composed of oblique air photographs
obliquity
The characteristic in wide-angle or oblique photography
that portrays the terrain and objects at such an angle and range
that details necessary for interpretation are seriously masked
or are at a very small scale, rendering interpretation difficult
or impossible.
observation helicopter
Helicopter used primarily for observation and
reconnaissance, but which may be used for other roles.
observation post
A position from which military observations are
made, or fire directed and adjusted, and which possesses
appropriate communications; may be airborne. Also called OP.
observed fire
Fire for which the point of impact or burst can be
seen by an observer. The fire can be controlled and adjusted on
the basis of observation. See also fire.
observed fire procedure
A standardized procedure for use in adjusting
indirect fire on a target
observer-target line
An imaginary straight line from the observer/spotter
to the target. See also spotting line.
observer-target range
The distance along an imaginary straight line from the
observer or spotter to the target.
obstacle
Any obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix,
turn, or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose
additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the
opposing force. Obstacles can be natural, manmade, or a
combination of both.
obstacle belt
A brigade-level command and control measure, normally
given graphically, to show where within an obstacle zone the
ground tactical commander plans to limit friendly obstacle
employment and focus the defense. It assigns an intent to the
obstacle plan and provides the necessary guidance on the overall
effect of obstacles within a belt. See also obstacle.
obstacle clearing
The total elimination or neutralization of obstacles.
obstacle restricted areas
A command and control measure used to limit the type or
number of obstacles within an area. See also obstacle.
obstacle zone
A division-level command and control measure, normally
done graphically, to designate specific land areas where lower
echelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles. See also
obstacle.
obstructor
In naval mine warfare, a device laid with the sole
object of obstructing or damaging mechanical minesweeping
equipment.
occupational and environmental health threats
Threats to the health of military personnel and to
military readiness created by exposure to hazardous agents,
environmental contamination, or toxic industrial materials. See
also health threat.
occupation currency
See military currency.
occupied territory
Territory under the authority and effective control of a
belligerent armed force. The term is not applicable to territory
being administered pursuant to peace terms, treaty, or other
agreement, express or implied, with the civil authority of the
territory. See also civil affairs agreement.
Ocean Cargo Clearance Authority
The Military Traffic Management Command activity that
books Department of Defense sponsored cargo and passengers
for surface movement, performs related contract administration,
and accomplishes export and import surface traffic management
functions for DOD cargo moving within the Defense Transportation
System. Also called OCCA.
ocean convoy
A convoy whose voyage lies, in general, outside the
continental shelf. See also convoy
ocean manifest
A detailed listing of the entire cargo loaded into
any one ship showing all pertinent data which will readily
identify such cargo and where and how the cargo is stowed.
oceanography
The study of the sea, embracing and integrating all
knowledge pertaining to the sea and its physical boundaries, the
chemistry and physics of seawater, and marine biology.
ocean station ship
A ship assigned to operate within a specified area
to provide several services, including search and rescue,
meteorological information, navigational aid, and communications
facilities.
offensive counterair
Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize
enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting
structures and systems both before and after launch, but as
close to their source as possible. Offensive counterair
operations range throughout enemy territory and are generally
conducted at the initiative of friendly forces. These operations
include attack operations, fighter sweep, escort, and
suppression of enemy air defenses. Also called OCA. See also
counterair; defensive counterair; operation.
offensive counterair attack operations
Offensive action in support of the offensive counterair
mission against surface targets which contribute to the enemy's
air power capabilities. The objective of attack operations is to
prevent the hostile use of aircraft and missile forces by
attacking targets such as missile launch sites, airfields, naval
vessels, command and control nodes, munitions stockpiles, and
supporting infrastructure. Attack operations may be performed by
fixed- or rotary-wing aircraft, surface-to-surface weapons,
special operations forces, or ground forces. Also called OCA
attack ops. See also counterair; offensive counterair.
offensive information operations
The integrated use of assigned and supporting capabilities
and activities, mutually supported by intelligence, to affect
adversary decision makers to achieve or promote specific
objectives. These capabilities and activities include but are
not limited to operations security, military deception,
psychological operations, electronic warfare, physical attack
and/or destruction, and special information operations, and
could also include computer network attack. See also computer
network attack; defensive information operations; electronic
warfare; information operations; intelligence; military
deception; operations security; psychological operations;
special information operations.
offensive minefield
In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in enemy
territorial water or waters under enemy control.
officer in tactical command
In maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to
assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has
delegated tactical command. Also called OTC.
officer of the deck
The officer of the deck under way has been designated by
the commanding officer to be in charge of the ship, including
its safe and proper operation. The officer of the deck reports
directly to the commanding officer for the safe navigation and
general operation of the ship, to the executive officer (and
command duty officer if appointed) for carrying out the ship's
routine, and to the navigator on sighting navigational landmarks
and making course and speed changes. Also called OOD.
official information
Information that is owned by, produced for or by, or is
subject to the control of the United States Government.
off-load preparation party
A temporary task organization of Navy and Marine
maintenance, embarkation, equipment operators, and
cargo-handling personnel deployed to the maritime
pre-positioning ship before or during its transit to the
objective area to prepare the ship's off-load systems and
embarked equipment for off-load. Also called OPP. See also task
organization.
offset bombing
Any bombing procedure which employs a reference or
aiming point other than the actual target.
offset costs
Costs for which funds have been appropriated but will not
be obligated because of a contingency operation. See also
contingency operation.
offset distance (nuclear)
The distance the desired ground zero or actual ground zero
is offset from the center of an area target or from a point
target.
offset lasing
The technique of aiming a laser designator at a point
other than the target and, after laser acquisition, moving the
laser to designate the target for terminal attack guidance. See
also laser target designator.
offshore assets
Oil and gas facilities, mining and industrial
installations, ocean thermal energy conversion facilities, deep
water ports, aids to navigation, and nuclear power plants
located or in operation seaward of the coastline.
offshore bulk fuel system
The system used for transferring fuel from points offshore
to reception facilities on the beach. It consists of two
subsystems: amphibious assault bulk fuel system and the offshore
petroleum discharge system. See also amphibious assault bulk
fuel system; offshore petroleum discharge system.
offshore patrol
A naval defense patrol operating in the outer areas
of navigable coastal waters. It is a part of the naval local
defense forces consisting of naval ships and aircraft and
operates outside those areas assigned to the inshore patrol.
offshore petroleum discharge system
Provides a semipermanent, all-weather facility for bulk
transfer of petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) directly from
an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit (BTU) located
immediately inland from the high watermark. POL then is either
transported inland or stored in the beach support area. Major
offshore petroleum discharge systems (OPDS) components are: the
OPDS tanker with booster pumps and spread mooring winches; a
recoverable single anchor leg mooring (SALM) to accommodate
tankers of up to 70,000 deadweight tons; ship to SALM hose
lines; up to 4 miles of 6-inch (internal diameter) conduit for
pumping to the beach; and two BTUs to interface with the
shoreside systems. OPDS can support a two-line system for
multiproduct discharge, but ship standoff distance is reduced
from 4 to 2 miles. Amphibious construction battalions install
the OPDS with underwater construction team assistance. OPDS are
embarked on selected Ready Reserve Force tankers modified to
support the system. Also called OPDS. See also facility;
petroleum, oil, and lubricants; single-anchor leg mooring.
off-the-shelf item
An item that has been developed and produced to military
or commercial standards and specifications, is readily available
for delivery from an industrial source, and may be procured
without change to satisfy a military requirement.
oiler
A naval or merchant tanker specially equipped and
rigged for replenishing other ships at sea.
on berth
Said of a ship when it is properly moored to a quay,
wharf, jetty, pier, or buoy or when it is at anchor and
available for loading or discharging passengers and cargo.
on-call
1. A term used to signify that a prearranged
concentration, air strike, or final protective fire may be
called for. 2. Preplanned, identified force or materiel
requirements without designated time-phase and destination
information. Such requirements will be called forward upon order
of competent authority. See also call for fire.
on-call resupply
A resupply mission planned before insertion of a special
operations team into the operations area but not executed until
requested by the operating team. See also automatic resupply;
emergency resupply.
on-call target (nuclear)
A planned nuclear target other than a scheduled nuclear
target for which a need can be anticipated but which will be
delivered upon request rather than at a specific time.
Coordination and warning of friendly troops and aircraft are
mandatory.
on-call targets
Planned targets that are known to exist in an operational
area and are located in sufficient time for deliberate planning
to meet emerging situations specific to campaign objectives. See
also on-call; operational area; target.
on-call wave
See wave.
one day's supply
A unit or quantity of supplies adopted as a standard
of measurement, used in estimating the average daily expenditure
under stated conditions. It may also be expressed in terms of a
factor, e.g., rounds of ammunition per weapon per day.
one-look circuit
A mine circuit which requires actuation by a given
influence once only.
on hand
The quantity of an item that is physically available in a
storage location and contained in the accountable property book
records of an issuing activity.
on-scene commander
1. The person designated to coordinate the rescue efforts
at the rescue site. 2. Federal officer designated to direct
federal crisis and consequence management efforts at the scene
of a terrorist or weapons of mass destruction incident. Also
called OSC.
on-station time
The time an aircraft can remain on station. May be
determined by endurance or orders.
open improved storage space
Open area that has been graded and hard surfaced or
prepared with topping of some suitable material so as to permit
effective materials handling operations. See also storage.
open ocean
Ocean limit defined as greater than 12 nautical miles (nm)
from shore, as compared with high seas that are over 200 nm from
shore. See also contiguous zone.
open route
A route not subject to traffic or movement control
restrictions.
open-source intelligence
Information of potential intelligence value that is
available to the general public. Also called OSINT. See also
intelligence.
open unimproved wet space
That water area specifically allotted to and usable for
storage of floating equipment. See also storage.
operating forces
Those forces whose primary missions are to participate in
combat and the integral supporting elements thereof. See also
combat forces; combat service support element; combat support
elements.
operating level of supply
The quantities of materiel required to sustain operations
in the interval between requisitions or the arrival of
successive shipments. These quantities should be based on the
established replenishment period (monthly, quarterly, etc.) See
also level of supply.
operation
1. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic,
operational, tactical, service, training, or administrative
military mission. 2. The process of carrying on combat,
including movement, supply, attack, defense, and maneuvers
needed to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign.
operational architecture
Descriptions of the tasks, operational elements, and
information flows required to accomplish or support a
warfighting function.
operational area
An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms
for geographic areas in which military operations are conducted.
Operational areas include, but are not limited to, such
descriptors as area of responsibility, theater of war, theater
of operations, joint operations area, amphibious objective area,
joint special operations area, and area of operations. See also
amphibious objective area; area of operations; area of
responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations
area; theater of operations; theater of war.
operational art
The employment of military forces to attain strategic
and/or operational objectives through the design, organization,
integration, and conduct of strategies, campaigns, major
operations, and battles. Operational art translates the joint
force commander's strategy into operational design and,
ultimately, tactical action, by integrating the key activities
at all levels of war.
operational authority
That authority exercised by a commander in the chain of
command, defined further as combatant command (command
authority), operational control, tactical control, or a support
relationship. See also combatant command (command authority); in
support of; operational control; support; tactical control.
operational characteristics
Those military characteristics that pertain primarily to
the functions to be performed by equipment, either alone or in
conjunction with other equipment; e.g., for electronic
equipment, operational characteristics include such items as
frequency coverage, channeling, type of modulation, and
character of emission.
operational control
Command authority that may be exercised by commanders at
any echelon at or below the level of combatant command.
Operational control is inherent in combatant command (command
authority) and may be delegated within the command. When forces
are transferred between combatant commands, the command
relationship the gaining commander will exercise (and the losing
commander will relinquish) over these forces must be specified
by the Secretary of Defense. Operational control is the
authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate
forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces,
assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving
authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission.
Operational control includes authoritative direction over all
aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to
accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control
should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate
organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through
subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional
component commanders. Operational control normally provides full
authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those
forces as the commander in operational control considers
necessary to accomplish assigned missions; it does not, in and
of itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or
matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or
unit training. Also called OPCON. See also combatant command;
combatant command (command authority); tactical control.
operational control authority
The naval commander responsible within a specified
geographical area for the naval control of all merchant shipping
under Allied naval control. Also called OCA.
operational decontamination
Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or
a unit, restricted to specific parts of operationally essential
equipment, materiel and/or working areas, in order to minimize
contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations. This may
include decontamination of the individual beyond the scope of
immediate decontamination, as well as decontamination of
mission-essential spares and limited terrain decontamination.
See also decontamination; immediate decontamination; thorough
decontamination.
operational design
The key considerations used as a framework in the course
of planning for a campaign or major operation. See also
campaign; major operation.
operational documentation
Visual information documentation of activities to convey
information about people, places, and things. It is general
purpose documentation normally accomplished in peacetime. Also
called OPDOC. See also visual information documentation.
operational environment
A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and
influences that affect the employment of military forces and
bear on the decisions of the unit commander. Some examples are
as follows. a. permissive environment--Operational environment
in which host country military and law enforcement agencies have
control as well as the intent and capability to assist
operations that a unit intends to conduct. b. uncertain
environment--Operational environment in which host government
forces, whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a
unit intends to conduct, do not have totally effective control
of the territory and population in the intended operational
area. c. hostile environment--Operational environment in which
hostile forces have control as well as the intent and capability
to effectively oppose or react to the operations a unit intends
to conduct.
operational evaluation
The test and analysis of a specific end item or system,
insofar as practicable under Service operating conditions, in
order to determine if quantity production is warranted
considering: a. the increase in military effectiveness to be
gained; and b. its effectiveness as compared with currently
available items or systems, consideration being given to: (1)
personnel capabilities to maintain and operate the equipment;
(2) size, weight, and location considerations; and (3) enemy
capabilities in the field. See also technical evaluation.
operational intelligence
Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting
campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic
objectives within theaters or operational areas. See also
intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence.
operational level of war
The level of war at which campaigns and major operations
are planned, conducted, and sustained to accomplish strategic
objectives within theaters or other operational areas.
Activities at this level link tactics and strategy by
establishing operational objectives needed to accomplish the
strategic objectives, sequencing events to achieve the
operational objectives, initiating actions, and applying
resources to bring about and sustain these events. These
activities imply a broader dimension of time or space than do
tactics; they ensure the logistic and administrative support of
tactical forces, and provide the means by which tactical
successes are exploited to achieve strategic objectives. See
also strategic level of war; tactical level of war
operationally ready
1. A unit, ship, or weapon system capable of performing
the missions or functions for which organized or designed.
Incorporates both equipment readiness and personnel readiness.
2. Personnel available and qualified to perform assigned
missions or functions.
operational necessity
A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in
which the consequences of an action justify the risk of loss of
aircraft and crew. See also mission.
operational procedures
The detailed methods by which headquarters and units
carry out their operational tasks.
operational reach
The distance and duration across which a unit can
successfully employ military capabilities.
operational readiness
The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapon
system, or equipment to perform the missions or functions for
which it is organized or designed. May be used in a general
sense or to express a level or degree of readiness. Also called
OR. See also combat readiness.
operational readiness evaluation
An evaluation of the operational capability and
effectiveness of a unit or any portion thereof.
operational requirement
See military requirement.
Operational Requirements Document
A formatted statement containing performance and related
operational parameters for the proposed concept or system.
Prepared by the user or user's representative at each milestone
beginning with Milestone I, Concept Demonstration Approval of
the Requirements Generation Process. Also called ORD.
operational reserve
An emergency reserve of men and/or materiel established
for the support of a specific operation. See also reserve
supplies.
operational route
Land route allocated to a command for the conduct of
a specific operation; derived from the corresponding basic
military route network.
operational support airlift
Operational support airlift (OSA) missions are movements
of high-priority passengers and cargo with time, place, or
mission-sensitive requirements. OSA aircraft are those
fixed-wing aircraft acquired and/or retained exclusively for OSA
missions, as well as any other Department of Defense-owned or
controlled aircraft, fixed- or rotary-wing, used for OSA
purposes. Also called OSA. See also aircraft.
operational testing
A continuing process of evaluation that may be applied to
either operational personnel or situations to determine their
validity or reliability.
operational training
Training that develops, maintains, or improves the
operational readiness of individuals or units.
operation and maintenance
Maintenance and repair of real property, operation of
utilities, and provision of other services such as refuse
collection and disposal, entomology, snow removal, and ice
alleviation. Also called O&M.
operation annexes
Those amplifying instructions that are of such a nature,
or are so voluminous or technical, as to make their inclusion in
the body of the plan or order undesirable.
operation exposure guide
The maximum amount of nuclear radiation that the commander
considers a unit may be permitted to receive while performing a
particular mission or missions. Also called OEG. See also
radiation exposure status.
operation map
A map showing the location and strength of friendly forces
involved in an operation. It may indicate predicted movement and
location of enemy forces. See also map.
operation order
A directive issued by a commander to subordinate
commanders for the purpose of effecting the coordinated
execution of an operation. Also called OPORD.
operation plan
Any plan, except for the Single Integrated Operational
Plan, for the conduct of military operations. Plans are prepared
by combatant commanders in response to requirements established
by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and by commanders
of subordinate commands in response to requirements tasked by
the establishing unified commander. Operation plans are prepared
in either a complete format (OPLAN) or as a concept plan
(CONPLAN). The CONPLAN can be published with or without a
time-phased force and deployment data (TPFDD) file. a. OPLAN--An
operation plan for the conduct of joint operations that can be
used as a basis for development of an operation order (OPORD).
An OPLAN identifies the forces and supplies required to execute
the combatant commander's strategic concept and a movement
schedule of these resources to the theater of operations. The
forces and supplies are identified in TPFDD files. OPLANs will
include all phases of the tasked operation. The plan is prepared
with the appropriate annexes, appendixes, and TPFDD files as
described in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System
manuals containing planning policies, procedures, and formats.
Also called OPLAN. b. CONPLAN--An operation plan in an
abbreviated format that would require considerable expansion or
alteration to convert it into an OPLAN or OPORD. A CONPLAN
contains the combatant commander's strategic concept and those
annexes and appendixes deemed necessary by the combatant
commander to complete planning. Generally, detailed support
requirements are not calculated and TPFDD files are not
prepared. c. CONPLAN with TPFDD--A CONPLAN with TPFDD is the
same as a CONPLAN except that it requires more detailed planning
for phased deployment of forces. Also called CONPLAN. See also
operation order; time-phased force and deployment data.
operations center
The facility or location on an installation, base, or
facility used by the commander to command, control, and
coordinate all crisis activities. See also base defense
operations center; command center.
operations research
The analytical study of military problems undertaken to
provide responsible commanders and staff agencies with a
scientific basis for decision on action to improve military
operations. Also called operational research; operations
analysis.
operations security
A process of identifying critical information and
subsequently analyzing friendly actions attendant to military
operations and other activities to: a. identify those actions
that can be observed by adversary intelligence systems; b.
determine indicators that hostile intelligence systems might
obtain that could be interpreted or pieced together to derive
critical information in time to be useful to adversaries; and c.
select and execute measures that eliminate or reduce to an
acceptable level the vulnerabilities of friendly actions to
adversary exploitation. Also called OPSEC. See also command and
control warfare; operations security indicators; operations
security measures; operations security planning guidance;
operations security vulnerabilbity.
operations security indicators
Friendly detectable actions and open-source information
that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to
derive critical information.
operations security measures
Methods and means to gain and maintain essential secrecy
about critical information. The following categories apply. a.
action control--The objective is to eliminate indicators or the
vulnerability of actions to exploitation by adversary
intelligence systems. Personnel will select what actions to
undertake; decide whether or not to execute actions; and
determine the "who," "when," "where," and "how" for actions
necessary to accomplish tasks. b. countermeasures--The objective
is to disrupt effective adversary information gathering or
prevent their recognition of indicators when collected materials
are processed. Use diversions, camouflage, concealment, jamming,
threats, police powers, and force against adversary information
gathering and processing capabilities. c. counteranalysis--The
objective is to prevent accurate interpretations of indicators
during adversary analysis of collected materials. This is done
by confusing the adversary analyst through deception techniques
such as covers.
operations security planning guidance
Guidance that serves as the blueprint for operations
security planning by all functional elements throughout the
organization. It defines the critical information that requires
protection from adversary appreciations, taking into account
friendly and adversary goals, estimated key adversary questions,
probable adversary knowledge, desirable and harmful adversary
appreciations, and pertinent intelligence system threats. It
also should outline provisional operations security measures to
ensure the requisite essential secrecy.
operations security vulnerability
A condition in which friendly actions provide operations
security indicators that may be obtained and accurately
evaluated by an adversary in time to provide a basis for
effective adversary decisionmaking.
operations to restore order
Operations intended to halt violence and support,
reinstate, or establish civil authorities. They are designed to
return an unstable and lawless environment to the point where
indigenous police forces can effectively enforce the law and
restore civil authority. See also operation; peace operations.
opportune lift
That portion of lift capability available for use after
planned requirements have been met.
opportunity target
See target of opportunity.
opposite numbers
Officers (including foreign) having corresponding duty
assignments within their respective Military Services or
establishments.
optical axis
In a lens element, the straight line which passes
through the centers of curvature of the lens surfaces. In an
optical system, the line formed by the coinciding principal axes
of the series of optical elements.
optical minehunting
The use of an optical system (e.g., television or
towed diver) to detect and classify mines or minelike objects on
or protruding from the seabed.
optimum height
The height of an explosion which will produce the
maximum effect against a given target.
optimum height of burst
For nuclear weapons and for a particular target (or
area), the height at which it is estimated a weapon of a
specified energy yield will produce a certain desired effect
over the maximum possible area.
orbital injection
The process of providing a space vehicle with sufficient
velocity to establish an orbit.
orbital injection
The process of providing a space vehicle with sufficient
velocity to establish an orbit.
orbit determination
The process of describing the past, present, or predicted
position of a satellite in terms of orbital parameters.
orbit point
A geographically or electronically defined location
used in stationing aircraft in flight during tactical operations
when a predetermined pattern is not established. See also
holding point.
order
A communication, written, oral, or by signal, which
conveys instructions from a superior to a subordinate. (DOD
only) In a broad sense, the terms "order" and "command" are
synonymous. However, an order implies discretion as to the
details of execution whereas a command does not.
order and shipping time
The time elapsing between the initiation of stock
replenishment action for a specific activity and the receipt by
that activity of the materiel resulting from such action. Order
and shipping time is applicable only to materiel within the
supply system, and it is composed of the distinct elements,
order time, and shipping time. See also level of supply.
order of battle
The identification, strength, command structure, and
disposition of the personnel, units, and equipment of any
military force. Also called OB; OOB.
order time
1. The time elapsing between the initiation of stock
replenishment action and submittal of requisition or order. 2.
The time elapsing between the submittal of requisition or order
and shipment of materiel by the supplying activity. See also
order and shipping time.
ordinary transport
In railway terminology, transport of a load whose
size, weight, or preparation does not entail special
difficulties vis-a-vis the facilities or equipment of the
railway systems to be used. See also exceptional transport.
ordnance
Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores,
e.g., bombs, guns and ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm.
organic
Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military
organization. Organic parts of a unit are those listed in its
table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps,
and are assigned to the administrative organizations of the
operating forces for the Navy.
organizational equipment
Referring to method of use: signifies that equipment
(other than individual equipment) used in furtherance of the
common mission of an organization or unit. See also equipment.
organizational maintenance
That maintenance that is the responsibility of and
performed by a using organization on its assigned equipment. Its
phases normally consist of inspecting, servicing, lubricating,
and adjusting, as well as the replacing of parts, minor
assemblies, and subassemblies.
organization for combat
In amphibious operations, task organization of landing
force units for combat, involving combinations of command,
ground and aviation combat, combat support, and combat service
support units for accomplishment of missions ashore. See also
amphibious operation; task organization.
organization for embarkation
In amphibious operations, the organization for embarkation
consisting of temporary landing force task organizations
established by the commander, landing force and a temporary
organization of Navy forces established by the commander,
amphibious task force for the purpose of simplifying planning
and facilitating the execution of embarkation. See also
amphibious operation; embarkation; landing force; task
organization.
organization for landing
In amphibious operations, the specific tactical grouping
of the landing force for the assault.
organization of the ground
The development of a defensive position by
strengthening the natural defenses of the terrain and by
assignment of the occupying troops to specific localities.
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force
A network of 13 regional organized crime drug enforcement
task forces designed to coordinate Federal law enforcement
efforts to combat the national and international organizations
that cultivate, process, and distribute illicit drugs. Also
called OCDETF.
origin
Beginning point of a deployment where unit or
non-unit-related cargo or personnel are located.
original destination
In naval control of shipping, the original final
destination of a convoy or an individual ship (whether in convoy
or independent). This is particularly applicable to the original
destination of a voyage begun in peacetime.
original negative
See generation (photography).
original positive
See generation (photography).
originating medical facility
A medical facility that initially transfers a
patient to another medical facility.
originator
The command by whose authority a message is sent. The
responsibility of the originator includes the responsibility for
the functions of the drafter and the releasing officer. See also
releasing officer.
oropesa sweep
In naval mine warfare, a form of sweep in which a
length of sweep wire is towed by a single ship, lateral
displacement being caused by an otter and depth being controlled
at the ship end by a kite and at the other end by a float and
float wire.
orthomorphic projection
A projection in which the scale, although varying
throughout the map, is the same in all directions at any point,
so that very small areas are represented by correct shape and
bearings are correct.
oscillating mine
A mine, hydrostatically controlled, which maintains
a pre-set depth below the surface of the water independently of
the rise and fall of the tide. See also mine.
other detainee
Person in the custody of the US Armed Forces who has not
been classified as an enemy prisoner of war (article 4, Geneva
Convention of 1949 Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
(GPW)), retained personnel (article 33, GPW), or civilian
internee (article 78, Geneva Convention). Also called OD. See
also civilian internee; custody; detainee; prisoner of war;
retained personnel.
other war reserve materiel requirement
War reserve materiel requirement less the pre-positioned
war reserve materiel requirement.
other war reserve materiel requirement, balance
That portion of the other war reserve materiel requirement
that has not been acquired or funded. This level consists of the
other war reserve materiel requirement less the other war
reserve materiel requirement protectable.
other war reserve materiel requirement, protectable
The portion of the other war reserve materiel requirement
that is protected for purposes of procurement, funding, and
inventory management.
other war reserve stock
The quantity of an item acquired and placed in stock
against the other war reserve materiel requirement.
otter
In naval mine warfare, a device which, when towed,
displaces itself sideways to a predetermined distance.
outbound traffic
Traffic originating in the continental United States
destined for overseas or overseas traffic moving in a general
direction away from the continental United States.
outer fix
A fix in the destination terminal area, other than the
approach fix, to which aircraft are normally cleared by an air
route traffic control center or a terminal area traffic control
facility, and from which aircraft are cleared to the approach
fix or final approach course.
outer landing ship areas
In amphibious operations, areas to which landing ships
proceed initially after their arrival in the objective area.
They are usually located on the flanks of the outer transport
areas.
outer transport area
In amphibious operations, an area inside the antisubmarine
screen to which assault transports proceed initially after
arrival in the objective area. See also inner transport area;
transport area.
outline map
A map which represents just sufficient geographic
information to permit the correlation of additional data placed
upon it.
outline plan
A preliminary plan which outlines the salient
features or principles of a course of action prior to the
initiation of detailed planning.
outsized cargo
Cargo which exceeds the dimensions of oversized cargo and
requires the use of a C-5 or C-17 aircraft or surface
transportation. A single item that exceeds 1,000 inches long by
117 inches wide by 105 inches high in any one dimension. See
also oversized cargo.
overhaul
The restoration of an item to a completely serviceable
condition as prescribed by maintenance serviceability standards.
See also rebuild; repair.
overhead clearance
The vertical distance between the route surface and any
obstruction above it.
overlap
1. In photography, the amount by which one photograph
includes the same area covered by another, customarily expressed
as a percentage. The overlap between successive air photographs
on a flight line is called "forward overlap." The overlap
between photographs in adjacent parallel flight lines is called
"side overlap." 2. In cartography, that portion of a map or
chart that overlaps the area covered by another of the same
series. 3. In naval mine warfare, the width of that part of the
swept path of a ship or formation that is also swept by an
adjacent sweeper or formation or is reswept on the next adjacent
lap.
overlay
A printing or drawing on a transparent or semi-transparent
medium at the same scale as a map, chart, etc., to show details
not appearing or requiring special emphasis on the original.
overpressure
The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an
explosion. It is referred to as "positive" when it exceeds
atmospheric pressure and "negative" during the passage of the
wave when resulting pressures are less than atmospheric
pressure.
overprint
Information printed or stamped upon a map or chart,
in addition to that originally printed, to show data of
importance or special use.
overseas
All locations, including Alaska and Hawaii, outside the
continental United States.
Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document
A set of objective criteria and management
practicesdeveloped by the Department of Defense to protect human
healthand the environment. Also called OEBGD.
overseas search and rescue region
Overseas unified command areas (or portions thereof not
included within the inland region or the maritime region). See
also search and rescue region.
oversized cargo
1. Large items of specific equipment such as a barge, side
loadable warping tug, causeway section, powered, or causeway
section, nonpowered. Requires transport by sea. 2. Air
cargoexceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded to
the design height of 96 inches, but equal to or less than 1,000
inches in length, 117 inches in width, and 105 inches in height.
This cargo is air transportable on the C-5, C-17, C-141,
C-130,KC-10 and most civilian contract cargo carriers. See also
outsized cargo.
over the beach operations
See logistics-over-the-shore operations.
over-the-horizon amphibious operations
An operational initiative launched from beyond visual and
radar range of the shoreline.
over-the-horizon radar
A radar system that makes use of the atmospheric
reflection and refraction phenomena to extend its range of
detection beyond line of sight. Over-the-horizon radars may be
either forward scatter or back scatter systems.
overt operation
An operation conducted openly, without concealment. See
also clandestine operation; covert operation.
overt peacetime psychological operations programs
Those programs developed by combatant commands, in
coordination with the chiefs of US diplomatic missions, that
plan, support, and provide for the conduct of psychological
operations, during military operations other than war, in
support of US regional objectives, policies, interests, and
theater military missions. Also called OP3. See also
psychological operations.
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