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Glossary of Military Terms
daily intelligence summary
A report prepared in message form at the joint force
headquarters that provides higher, lateral, and subordinate
headquarters with a summary of all significant intelligence
produced during the previous 24-hour period. The "as of" time
for information, content, and submission time for the report
will be as specified by the joint force commander. Also called
DISUM.
daily movement summary (shipping)
A tabulation of departures and arrivals of all merchant
shipping (including neutrals) arriving or departing ports during
a 24-hour period.
damage area
In naval mine warfare, the plan area around a
minesweeper inside which a mine explosion is likely to interrupt
operations.
damage assessment
1. The determination of the effect of attacks on
targets. 2. (DOD only) A determination of the effect of a
compromise of classified information on national security. See
also civil damage assessment; military damage assessment.
damage control
In naval usage, measures necessary aboard ship to preserve
and reestablish watertight integrity, stability,
maneuverability, and offensive power; to control list and trim;
to effect rapid repairs of materiel; to limit the spread of and
provide adequate protection from fire; to limit the spread of,
remove the contamination by, and provide adequate protection
from chemical, biological, and radiological agents; and to
provide for care of wounded personnel. See also area damage
control; disaster control.
damage criteria
The critical levels of various effects, such as blast
pressure and thermal radiation, required to achieve specified
levels of damage.
damage estimation
A preliminary appraisal of the potential effects of an
attack. See also attack assessment.
damage expectancy (nuclear)
The probability that a weapon will arrive, detonate, and
achieve at least a specified level of damage (severe or
moderate) against a given target. Damage expectancy is a
function of both probability of arrival and probability of
damage of a weapon.
damage radius
In naval mine warfare, the average distance from a
ship within which a mine containing a given weight and type of
explosive must detonate if it is to inflict a specified amount
of damage.
damage threat
The probability that a target ship passing once
through a minefield will explode one or more mines and sustain a
specified amount of damage.
danger area
1. In air traffic control, an airspace of defined
dimensions within which activities dangerous to the flight of
aircraft may exist at specified times. 2. (DOD only) A specified
area above, below, or within which there may be potential
danger. See also closed area; prohibited area; restricted area.
danger close
In close air support, artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire
support fires, it is the term included in the method of
engagement segment of a call for fire which indicates that
friendly forces are within close proximity of the target. The
close proximity distance is determined by the weapon and
munition fired. See also call for fire; final protective fire.
dangerous cargo
Cargo which, because of its dangerous properties, is
subject to special regulations for its transport.
danger space
That space between the weapon and the target where the
trajectory does not rise 1.8 meters (the average height of a
standing human). This includes the area encompassed by the
beaten zone. See also beaten zone.
data
Representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a
formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or
processing by humans or by automatic means. Any representations
such as characters or analog quantities to which meaning is or
might be assigned.
database
Information that is normally structured and indexed for
user access and review. Databases may exist in the form of
physical files (folders, documents, etc.) or formatted automated
data processing system data files.
data block
Information presented on air imagery relevant to the
geographical position, altitude, attitude, and heading of the
aircraft and, in certain cases, administrative information and
information on the sensors employed.
data code
A number, letter, character, or any combination thereof
used to represent a data element or data item.
data element
1. A basic unit of information built on standard
structures having a unique meaning and distinct units or values.
2. In electronic recordkeeping, a combination of characters or
bytes referring to one separate item of information, such as
name, address, or age.
data item
A subunit of descriptive information or value classified
under a data element. For example, the data element "military
personnel grade" contains data items such as sergeant, captain,
and colonel.
data link
The means of connecting one location to another for
the purpose of transmitting and receiving data. See also
tactical digital information link.
data link coordination net
A voice coordination net of voice circuits used to
coordinate technical operation of data terminal equipment. One
voice circuit is required for each tactical digital information
link (TADIL)-B pair, and one net is required for participants on
each TADIL-A, TADIL-J, or interim Joint Tactical Information
Distribution System message specification net. The net is
normally secure or covered. Also called DCN.
data mile
A standard unit of distance
date line
See international date line.
date-time group
The date and time, expressed in digits and time zone
suffix, at which the message was prepared for transmission.
(Expressed as six digits followed by the time zone suffix; first
pair of digits denotes the date, second pair the hours, third
pair the minutes, followed by a three-letter month abbreviation
and two-digit year abbreviation.) Also called DTG.
datum
Any numerical or geometrical quantity or set of such
quantities which may serve as reference or base for other
quantities. Where the concept is geometric, the plural form is
"datums" in contrast to the normal plural "data."
datum (antisubmarine warfare)
A datum is the last known position of a submarine, or
suspected submarine, after contact has been lost.
datum error (antisubmarine warfare)
An estimate of the degree of accuracy in the reported
position of datum.
datum (geodetic)
1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the
latitude and longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a
line from that point, and the parameters of the reference
ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to
calculate the coordinates on any map. Different nations use
different datums for printing coordinates on their maps. The
datum is usually referenced in the marginal information of each
map.
datum level
A surface to which elevations, heights, or depths on
a map or chart are related. See also altitude.
datum point
Any reference point of known or assumed coordinates
from which calculation or measurements may be taken. See also
pinpoint.
datum time (antisubmarine warfare)
The time when contact with the submarine, or suspected
submarine, was lost.
davit
A small crane on a vessel that is used to raise and lower
small boats, such as lifeboats, an LCM-8 on landing ship, tanks,
side loadable warping tugs, or causeway sections.
day of supply
See one day's supply.
dazzle
Temporary loss of vision or a temporary reduction in
visual acuity; may also be applied to effects on optics. See
also directed-energy warfare; flash blindness.
D-day
See times.
D-day consumption/production differential assets
As applied to the D-to-P concept, these assets are
required to compensate for the inability of the production base
to meet expenditure (consumption) requirements during the D-to-P
period. See also D-to-P concept.
D-day materiel readiness gross capability
As applied to the D-to-P concept, this capability
represents the sum of all assets on hand on D-day and the gross
production capability (funded and unfunded) between D-day and
P-day. When this capability equals the D-to-P materiel readiness
gross requirement, requirements and capabilities are in balance.
See also D-to-P concept.
D-day pipeline assets
As applied to the D-to-P concept, these assets represent
the sum of continental United States and overseas operating and
safety levels and intransit levels of supply. See also D-to-P
concept.
deadline
To remove a vehicle or piece of equipment from operation
or use for one of the following reasons: a. is inoperative due
to damage, malfunctioning, or necessary repairs (the term does
not include items temporarily removed from use by reason of
routine maintenance and repairs that do not affect the combat
capability of the item); b. is unsafe; and c. would be damaged
by further use.
dead mine
A mine which has been neutralized, sterilized, or
rendered safe. See also mine.
dead space
1. An area within the maximum range of a weapon,
radar, or observer, which cannot be covered by fire or
observation from a particular position because of intervening
obstacles, the nature of the ground, or the characteristics of
the trajectory, or the limitations of the pointing capabilities
of the weapon. 2. An area or zone which is within range of a
radio transmitter, but in which a signal is not received. 3. The
volume of space above and around a gun or guided missile system
into which it cannot fire because of mechanical or electronic
limitations
de-arming
An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state of
readiness for initiation to a safe condition. Also called
safing. See also arm or de-arm.
debarkation
The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a
ship or aircraft.
debarkation net
A specially prepared type of cargo net employed for the
debarkation of troops over the side of a ship.
debarkation schedule
A schedule which provides for the timely and orderly
debarkation of troops and equipment and emergency supplies for
the waterborne ship-to-shore movement.
deceased
A casualty status applicable to a person who is either
known to have died, determined to have died on the basis of
conclusive evidence, or declared to be dead on the basis of a
presumptive finding of death. The recovery of remains is not a
prerequisite to determining or declaring a person deceased. See
also casualty status.
decentralized control
In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher
echelon monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments
to units only when necessary to ensure proper fire distribution
or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. See also
centralized control.
decentralized execution
Delegation of execution authority to subordinate
commanders.
decentralized items
Those items of supply for which appropriate authority has
prescribed local management and procurement.
deception
Those measures designed to mislead the enemy by
manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence to induce
the enemy to react in a manner prejudicial to the enemy's
interests. See also counterdeception; military deception.
deception action
A collection of related deception events that form a major
component of a deception operation.
deception concept
The deception course of action forwarded to the Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for review as part of the combatant
commander's strategic concept
deception course of action
A deception scheme developed during the estimate process
in sufficient detail to permit decisionmaking. At a minimum, a
deception course of action will identify the deception
objective, the deception target, the desired perception, the
deception story, and tentative deception means.
deception event
A deception means executed at a specific time and location
in support of a deception operation.
deception means
Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to
convey information to the deception target. There are three
categories of deception means: a. physical means--Activities and
resources used to convey or deny selected information to a
foreign power. (Examples include military operations, including
exercises, reconnaissance, training activities, and movement of
forces; the use of dummy equipment and devices; tactics; bases,
logistic actions, stockpiles, and repair activity; and test and
evaluation activities.) b. technical means--Military materiel
resources and their associated operating techniques used to
convey or deny selected information to a foreign power through
the deliberate radiation, re-radiation, alteration, absorption,
or reflection of energy; the emission or suppression of chemical
or biological odors; and the emission or suppression of nuclear
particles. c. administrative means--Resources, methods, and
techniques to convey or deny oral, pictorial, documentary, or
other physical evidence to a foreign power.
deception objective
The desired result of a deception operation expressed in
terms of what the adversary is to do or not to do at the
critical time and/or location.
deception story
A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be
portrayed to cause the deception target to adopt the desired
perception.
deception target
The adversary decisionmaker with the authority to make the
decision that will achieve the deception objective.
decision
In an estimate of the situation, a clear and concise
statement of the line of action intended to be followed by the
commander as the one most favorable to the successful
accomplishment of the assigned mission.
decision altitude
An altitude related to the highest elevation in the
touchdown zone, specified for a glide slope approach, at which a
missed-approach procedure must be initiated if the required
visual reference has not been established. See also decision
height.
decision height
A height above the highest elevation in the
touchdown zone, specified for a glide slope approach, at which a
missed-approach procedure must be initiated if the required
visual reference has not been established. See also decision
altitude.
decision point
The point in space and time where the commander or staff
anticipates making a decision concerning a specific friendly
course of action. A decision point is usually associated with a
specific target area of interest, and is located in time and
space to permit the commander sufficient lead time to engage the
adversary in the target area of interest. Decision points may
also be associated with the friendly force and the status of
ongoing operations. See also course of actions; decision support
template; target area of interest.
decision support template
A graphic record of wargaming. The decision support
template depicts decision points, timelines associated with the
movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key
items of information required to execute a specific friendly
course of action. See also course of action; decision point.
decisive engagement
In land and naval warfare, an engagement in which a unit
is considered fully committed and cannot maneuver or extricate
itself. In the absence of outside assistance, the action must be
fought to a conclusion and either won or lost with the forces at
hand.
decisive point
A geographic place, specific key event, critical system,
or function that allows commanders to gain a marked advantage
over an enemy and greatly influence the outcome of an attack.
See also centers of gravity.
deck alert
See ground alert.
declared speed
The continuous speed which a master declares the ship can
maintain on a forthcoming voyage under moderate weather
conditions having due regard to the ship's present condition.
declassification
The determination that, in the interests of national
security, classified information no longer requires any degree
of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with
removal or cancellation of the classification designation.
declassify
To cancel the security classification of an item of
classified matter. Also called DECL. See also downgrade.
declination
The angular distance to a body on the celestial
sphere measured north or south through 90 degrees from the
celestial equator along the hour circle of the body. Comparable
to latitude on the terrestrial sphere. See also magnetic
declination; magnetic variation.
decompression chamber
See hyperbaric chamber.
decompression sickness
A syndrome, including bends, chokes, neurological
disturbances, and collapse, resulting from exposure to reduced
ambient pressure and caused by gas bubbles in the tissues,
fluids, and blood vessels.
decontamination
The process of making any person, object, or area
safe by absorbing, destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or
removing chemical or biological agents, or by removing
radioactive material clinging to or around it.
decontamination station
A building or location suitably equipped and
organized where personnel and materiel are cleansed of chemical,
biological, or radiological contaminants.
decoy
An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or
phenomenon which is intended to deceive enemy surveillance
devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy.
decoy ship
A ship camouflaged as a noncombatant ship with its
armament and other fighting equipment hidden and with special
provisions for unmasking its weapons quickly. Also called
Q-ship.
decrypt
To convert encrypted text into its equivalent plain text
by means of a cryptosystem. (This does not include solution by
cryptanalysis.) (Note: The term "decrypt" covers the meanings of
"decipher" and "decode.") See also cryptosystem.
deep fording capability
The characteristic of a self-propelled gun or ground
vehicle equipped with built-in waterproofing and/or a special
waterproofing kit, to negotiate a water obstacle with its wheels
or tracks in contact with the ground.
deep minefield
An antisubmarine minefield which is safe for surface
ships to cross. See also minefield.
de facto boundary
An international or administrative boundary whose
existence and legality is not recognized, but which is a
practical division between separate national and provincial
administering authorities.
defense area
For any particular command, the area extending from
the forward edge of the battle area to its rear boundary. It is
here that the decisive defensive battle is fought.
Defense Business Operations Fund
A revolving industrial fund concept for a large number of
Defense support functions, including transportation. Utilizes
business-like cost accounting to determine total cost of a
business activity. Defense Business Operations
Fund-Transportation is comprised of those Defense Business
Operations Fund accounts assigned by the Office of the Secretary
of Defense for Commander in Chief, United States Transportation
Command control. Also called DBOF.
defense classification
See security classification.
Defense Communications System
Department of Defense long-haul voice, data, and record
traffic system which includes the Defense Data Network, Defense
Satellite Communications System, and Defense Switched Network.
Also called DCS. See also Defense Data Network; Defense Switched
Network.
Defense Data Network
Component of the Defense Communications System used for
switching Department of Defense automated data processing
systems. Also called DDN. See also Defense Communications
System; Defense Switched Network.
defense emergency
An emergency condition that exists when: a. a major attack
is made upon US forces overseas or on allied forces in any
theater and is confirmed by either the commander of a command
established by the Secretary of Defense or higher authority; or
b. an overt attack of any type is made upon the United States
and is confirmed either by the commander of a command
established by the Secretary of Defense or higher authority.
defense in depth
The siting of mutually supporting defense positions
designed to absorb and progressively weaken attack, prevent
initial observations of the whole position by the enemy, and to
allow the commander to maneuver the reserve.
defense information infrastructure
The shared or interconnected system of computers,
communications, data applications, security, people, training,
and other support structures serving Department of Defense local, national, and worldwide information needs. The defense
information infrastructure connects DOD mission support, command
and control, and intelligence computers through voice,
telecommunications, imagery, video, and multimedia services. It
provides information processing and services to subscribers over
the Defense Information Systems Network and includes command and
control, tactical, intelligence, and commercial communications
systems used to transmit DOD information. Also called DII. See
also global information infrastructure; information;
infrastructure; national information infrastructure
Defense Information Systems Network
Integrated network, centrally managed and configured to
provide long-haul information transfer services for all
Department of Defense activities. It is an information transfer
utility designed to provide dedicated point-to-point, switched
voice and data, imagery, and video teleconferencing services.
Also called DISN.
defense intelligence production
The integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation
of information from single or multiple sources into finished
intelligence for known or anticipated military and related
national security consumer requirements.
defense message system
Consists of all hardware, software, procedures, standards,
facilities, and personnel used to exchange messages
electronically.
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Military weather satellite controlled by National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Also called DMSP.
Defense Planning Guidance
This document, issued by the Secretary of Defense,
provides firm guidance in the form of goals, priorities, and
objectives, including fiscal constraints, for the development of
the Program Objective Memorandums by the Military Departments
and Defense agencies. Also called DPG.
defense readiness condition
A uniform system of progressive alert postures for use
between the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the
commanders of unified and specified commands and for use by the
Services. Defense readiness conditions are graduated to match
situations of varying military severity (status of alert).
Defense readiness conditions are identified by the short title
DEFCON (5), (4), (3), (2), and (1), as appropriate. Also called
DEFCON.
Defense Satellite Communications System
Geosynchronous military communications satellites that
provide high data rate communications for military forces,
diplomatic corps, and the White House. The Defense Satellite
Communications System provides long-haul super-high frequency
7/8 gigahertz voice and high data rate communications for fixed
and transportable terminals, and extends mobile service to a
limited number of ships and aircraft. Also called DSCS.
Defense Support Program
Satellites that provide early warning of missile launches;
the first line of defense against missile attack against North
America. Also called DSP.
Defense Switched Network
Component of the Defense Communications System that
handles Department of Defense voice, data, and video
communications. Also called DSN. See also Defense Communications
System; Defense Data Network.
Defense Transportation System
That portion of the Nation's transportation infrastructure
that supports Department of Defense common-user transportation
needs across the range of military operations. It consists of
those common-user military and commercial assets, services, and
systems organic to, contracted for, or controlled by the
Department of Defense. Also called DTS. See also common-user
transportation; transportation system.
defensive coastal area
A part of a coastal area and of the air, land, and
water area adjacent to the coastline within which defense
operations may involve land, sea, and air forces.
defensive coastal area
A part of a coastal area and of the air, land, and
water area adjacent to the coastline within which defense
operations may involve land, sea, and air forces.
defensive information operations
The integration and coordination of policies and
procedures, operations, personnel, and technology to protect and
defend information and information systems. Defensive
information operations are conducted through information
assurance, physical security, operations security,
counter-deception, counter-psychological operations,
counterintelligence, electronic warfare, and special information
operations. Defensive information operations ensure timely,
accurate, and relevant information access while denying
adversaries the opportunity to exploit friendly information and
information systems for their own purposes. See also
counterintelligence; electronic warfare; information assurance;
information operations; information system; offensive
information operations; operations security; physical security;
special information operations.
defensive minefield
1. In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in
international waters or international straits with the declared
intention of controlling shipping in defense of sea
communications. 2. (DOD only) In land mine warfare, a minefield
laid in accordance with an established plan to prevent a
penetration between positions and to strengthen the defense of
the positions themselves. See also minefield.
defensive sea area
A sea area, usually including the approaches to and the
waters of important ports, harbors, bays, or sounds, for the
control and protection of shipping; for the safeguarding of
defense installations bordering on waters of the areas; and for
provision of other security measures required within the
specified areas. It does not extend seaward beyond the
territorial waters. See also maritime control area.
defensive zone
A belt of terrain, generally parallel to the front, that
includes two or more organized, or partially organized, battle
positions.
defilade
1. Protection from hostile observation and fire
provided by an obstacle such as a hill, ridge, or bank. 2. A
vertical distance by which a position is concealed from enemy
observation. 3. To shield from enemy fire or observation by
using natural or artificial obstacles.
defoliant operation
The employment of defoliating agents on vegetated
areas in support of military operations.
defoliating agent
A chemical which causes trees, shrubs, and other
plants to shed their leaves prematurely
degaussing
The process whereby a ship's magnetic field is reduced by
the use of electromagnetic coils, permanent magnets, or other
means.
degree of risk
As specified by the commander, the risk to which friendly
forces may be subjected from the effects of the detonation of a
nuclear weapon used in the attack of a close-in enemy target;
acceptable degrees of risk under differing tactical conditions
are emergency, moderate, and negligible. See also emergency risk
(nuclear); negligible risk (nuclear).
de jure boundary
An international or administrative boundary whose
existence and legality is recognized.
delayed entry program
A program under which an individual may enlist in a
Reserve Component of a military service and specify a future
reporting date for entry on active duty in the Active Component
that would coincide with availability of training spaces and
with personal plans such as high school graduation. Also called
DEP. See also active duty; Reserve Components.
delaying action
See delaying operation.
delaying operation
An operation in which a force under pressure trades
space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and
inflicting maximum damage on the enemy without, in principle,
becoming decisively engaged.
delay release sinker
A sinker which holds a moored mine on the sea-bed
for a predetermined time after laying.
delegation of authority
The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her
authority commensurate with the assigned task to a subordinate
commander. While ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished,
delegation of authority carries with it the imposition of a
measure of responsibility. The extent of the authority delegated
must be clearly stated.
deliberate attack
A type of offensive action characterized by
preplanned coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to
close with and destroy or capture the enemy.
deliberate breaching
The creation of a lane through a minefield or a
clear route through a barrier or fortification, which is
systematically planned and carried out.
deliberate crossing
The crossing of an inland water obstacle that
requires extensive planning and detailed preparations. See also
hasty crossing.
deliberate defense
A defense normally organized when out of contact
with the enemy or when contact with the enemy is not imminent
and time for organization is available. It normally includes an
extensive fortified zone incorporating pillboxes, forts, and
communications systems. See also hasty defense.
deliberate planning
1. The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System
process involving the development of joint operation plans for
contingencies identified in joint strategic planning documents.
Deliberate planning is accomplished in prescribed cycles that
complement other Department of Defense planning cycles in
accordance with the formally established Joint Strategic
Planning System. 2. A planning process for the deployment and
employment of apportioned forces and resources that occurs in
response to a hypothetical situation. Deliberate planners rely
heavily on assumptions regarding the circumstances that will
exist when the plan is executed. See also Joint Operation
Planning and Execution System; Joint Strategic Planning System.
delivering ship
The ship in a replenishment unit that delivers the rig(s).
delivery error
The inaccuracy associated with a given weapon system
resulting in a dispersion of shots about the aiming point. See
also circular error probable; deviation; dispersion; dispersion
error; horizontal error.
delivery forecasts
1. Periodic estimates of contract production deliveries
used as a measure of the effectiveness of production and supply
availability scheduling and as a guide to corrective actions to
resolve procurement or production bottlenecks. 2. Estimates of
deliveries under obligation against procurement from
appropriated or other funds.
delivery requirements
The stipulation that requires that an item of materiel
must be delivered in the total quantity required by the date
required.
demilitarized zone
A defined area in which the stationing or
concentrating of military forces, or the retention or
establishment of military installations of any description, is
prohibited.
demobilization
The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime
military establishment and defense-based civilian economy to a
peacetime configuration while maintaining national security and
economic vitality. See also mobilization.
demolition belt
A selected land area sown with explosive charges, mines,
and other available obstacles to deny use of the land to enemy
operations, and as a protection to friendly troops. There are
two types of demolition belts: a. primary. A continuous series
of obstacles across the whole front, selected by the division or
higher commander. The preparation of such a belt is normally a
priority engineer task. b. subsidiary. A supplement to the
primary belt to give depth in front or behind or to protect the
flanks.
demolition chamber
Space intentionally provided in a structure for the
emplacement of explosive charges.
demolition firing party
The party at the site that is technically responsible for
the demolition and that actually initiates detonation or fires
the demolitions. See also demolition guard; state of readiness.
demolition guard
A local force positioned to ensure that a target is not
captured by an enemy before orders are given for its demolition
and before the demolition has been successfully fired. The
commander of the demolition guard is responsible for the
tactical control of all troops at the demolition site, including
the demolition firing party. The commander of the demolition
guard is responsible for transmitting the order to fire to the
demolition firing party.
demolition kit
The demolition tool kit complete with explosives.
See also demolition tool kit.
demolition target
A target of known military interest identified for
possible future demolition. See also charged demolition target;
preliminary demolition target; prewithdrawal demolition target;
reserved demolition target; uncharged demolition target.
demolition tool kit
The tools, materials and accessories of a
nonexplosive nature necessary for preparing demolition charges.
See also demolition kit.
demonstration
1. An attack or show of force on a front where a
decision is not sought, made with the aim of deceiving the
enemy. See also amphibious demonstration; diversion;
diversionary attack. 2. (DOD only) In military deception, a show
of force in an area where a decision is not sought made to
deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual
contact with the adversary is intended.
denial measure
An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of
space, personnel, or facilities. It may include destruction,
removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions.
denied area
An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which
friendly forces cannot expect to operate successfully within
existing operational constraints and force capabilities.
density altitude
An atmospheric density expressed in terms of the
altitude which corresponds with that density in the standard
atmosphere.
departmental intelligence
Intelligence that any department or agency of the Federal
Government requires to execute its own mission.
Department of Defense construction agent
The Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities Engineering
Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity,
that is assigned design or execution responsibilities associated
with military construction programs, facilities support, or
civil engineering support to the combatant commanders in
contingency operations. See also contingency operation.
Department of Defense container system
All Department of Defense (DOD)-owned, leased, and
controlled 20- or 40-foot intermodal International Organization
for Standardization containers and flatracks, supporting
equipment such as generator sets and chassis, container handling
equipment, information systems, and other infrastructure that
supports DOD transportation and logistic operations, including
commercially provided transportation services. This also
includes 463L pallets, nets, and tie down equipment as integral
components of the DOD Intermodal Container System. Size and
configuration of the common-use portion of the DOD container
system controlled by US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM),
will be determined by USTRANSCOM based on established
requirements and availability of commercially owned containers
and equipment. USTRANSCOM will lease or procure additional
containers as required to augment the DOD container system. See
also container-handling equipment; containerization;
International Organization for Standardization.
Department of Defense Intelligence Information System
The combination of Department of Defense personnel,
procedures, equipment, computer programs, and supporting
communications that support the timely and comprehensive
preparation and presentation of intelligence and information to
military commanders and national-level decision makers. Also
called DODIIS.
Department of Defense internal audit organizations
The Army Audit Agency; Naval Audit Service; Air Force
Audit Agency; and the Office of the Assistant Inspector General
for Auditing, Office of the Inspector General, Department of
Defense.
Department of the Air Force
The executive part of the Department of the Air Force at
the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces,
Reserve Components, installations, activities, and functions
under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Air
Force. Also called DAF. See also Military Department.
Department of the Army
The executive part of the Department of the Army at the
seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve
Components, installations, activities, and functions under the
control or supervision of the Secretary of the Army. Also called
DA. See also Military Department.
Department of the Navy
The executive part of the Department of the Navy at the
seat of government; the headquarters, US Marine Corps; the
entire operating forces of the United States Navy and of the US
Marine Corps, including the Reserve Components of such forces;
all field activities, headquarters, forces, bases,
installations, activities, and functions under the control or
supervision of the Secretary of the Navy; and the US Coast Guard
when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law. Also
called DON. See also Military Department.
departure airfield
An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned
for flight. See also airfield.
departure area
The general area encompassing all base camps, bivouacs,
and departure airfield facilities.
departure end
That end of a runway nearest to the direction in
which initial departure is made.
departure point
1. A navigational check point used by aircraft as a
marker for setting course. 2. In amphibious operations, an air
control point at the seaward end of the helicopter approach lane
system from which helicopter waves are dispatched along the
selected helicopter approach lane to the initial point.
deployable joint task force augmentation cell
A combatant commander asset composed of personnel from the
combatant commander's staff and component representatives. The
members represent a multi-service, multi-disciplined group of
planners and operators which operationally report to the
combatant commander's operations directorate until deployed to a
joint task force (JTF). It can be tailored to meet the needs of
a commander, joint task force and deploy within 48 hours from
notification. Members can also act as liaison officers between
the combatant commander and the JTF. Also called DJTFAC.
deployed health surveillance
The identification of a population at risk, recognition
and assessment of hazardous exposures, employment of specific
countermeasures, and monitoring health outcomes.
deployed nuclear weapons
1. When used in connection with the transfer of weapons
between the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense,
this term describes those weapons transferred to and in the
custody of the Department of Defense. 2. Those nuclear weapons
specifically authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to be
transferred to the custody of the storage facilities or carrying
or delivery units of the Armed Forces.
deployment
1. In naval usage, the change from a cruising approach or
contact disposition to a disposition for battle. 2. The movement
of forces within operational areas. 3. The positioning of forces
into a formation for battle. 4. The relocation of forces and
materiel to desired operational areas. Deployment encompasses
all activities from origin or home station through destination,
specifically including intra-continental United States,
intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging, and
holding areas. See also deployment order; deployment planning;
deployment preparation order.
deployment database
The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database
containing the necessary information on forces, materiel, and
filler and replacement personnel movement requirements to
support execution. The database reflects information contained
in the refined time-phased force and deployment data from the
deliberate planning process or developed during the various
phases of the crisis action planning process, and the movement
schedules or tables developed by the transportation component
commands to support the deployment of required forces,
personnel, and materiel. See also time-phased force and
deployment data.
deployment diagram
In the assault phase of an amphibious operation, a diagram
showing the formation in which the boat group proceeds from the
rendezvous area to the line of departure and the method of
deployment into the landing formation.
deployment order
A planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued
by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes
and directs the transfer of forces between combatant commands by
reassignment or attachment. A deployment order normally
specifies the authority that the gaining combatant commander
will exercise over the transferred forces. See also deployment;
deployment planning; deployment preparation order.
deployment planning
Operational planning directed toward the movement of
forces and sustainment resources from their original locations
to a specific operational area for conducting the joint
operations contemplated in a given plan. Encompasses all
activities from origin or home station through destination,
specifically including intra-continental United States,
intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging areas, and
holding areas. See also deployment; deployment order; deployment
preparation order.
deployment preparation order
An order issued by competent authority to move forces or
prepare forces for movement (e.g., increase deployability
posture of units). See also deployment; deployment order;
deployment planning.
depot
1. supply--An activity for the receipt, classification,
storage, accounting, issue, maintenance, procurement,
manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of
material. 2. personnel--An activity for the reception,
processing, training, assignment, and forwarding of personnel
replacements.
depot maintenance
That maintenance performed on materiel requiring major
overhaul or a complete rebuild of parts, assemblies,
subassemblies, and end-items, including the manufacture of
parts, modifications, testing, and reclamation as required.
Depot maintenance serves to support lower categories of
maintenance by providing technical assistance and performing
that maintenance beyond their responsibility. Depot maintenance
provides stocks of serviceable equipment by using more extensive
facilities for repair than are available in lower level
maintenance activities.
depth
In maritime/hydrographic use, the vertical distance
from the plane of the hydrographic datum to the bed of the sea,
lake, or river.
depth contour
A line connecting points of equal depth below the
hydrographic datum. Also called bathymetric contour or depth
curve.
depth curve
See depth contour.
descriptive name
Written indication on maps and charts, used to
specify the nature of a feature (natural or artificial) shown by
a general symbol
desired appreciation
See appreciations.
desired effects
The damage or casualties to the enemy or materiel that a
commander desires to achieve from a nuclear weapon detonation.
Damage effects on materiel are classified as light, moderate, or
severe. Casualty effects on personnel may be immediate, prompt,
or delayed.
desired ground zero
The point on the surface of the Earth at, or
vertically below or above, the center of a planned nuclear
detonation. Also called DGZ. See also actual ground zero; ground
zero.
desired mean point of impact
A precise point, associated with a target, and assigned as
the center for impact of multiple weapons or area munitions to
achieve the intended objective and level of destruction. May be
defined descriptively, by grid reference, or by geolocation.
Also called DMPI. See also aimpoint; desired point of impact.
desired perception
In military deception, what the deception target must
believe for it to make the decision that will achieve the
deception objective.
desired point of impact
A precise point, associated with a target, and assigned as
the impact point for a single unitary weapon to achieve the
intended objective and level of destruction. May be defined
descriptively, by grid preferences, or geolocation. Also called
DPI. See also aimpoint; desired mean point of impact.
destroyed
A condition of a target so damaged that it can neither
function as intended nor be restored to a usable condition. In
the case of a building, all vertical supports and spanning
members are damaged to such an extent that nothing is
salvageable. In the case of bridges, all spans must have dropped
and all piers must require replacement.
destruction
A type of adjustment for destroying a given target.
destruction fire
Fire delivered for the sole purpose of destroying material
objects. See also fire.
destruction fire mission
In artillery, fire delivered for the purpose of
destroying a point target. See also fire.
destruction radius
In mine warfare, the maximum distance from an
exploding charge of stated size and type at which a mine will be
destroyed by sympathetic detonation of the main charge, with a
stated probability of destruction, regardless of orientation.
detachment
1. A part of a unit separated from its main
organization for duty elsewhere. 2. A temporary military or
naval unit formed from other units or parts of units. Also
called DET.
detailed photographic report
A comprehensive, analytical, intelligence report
written as a result of the interpretation of photography usually
covering a single subject, a target, target complex, and of a
detailed nature.
detained
See missing.
detainee
A term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise
detained by an armed force.
detainee collecting point
A facility or other location where detainees are assembled
for subsequent movement to a detainee processing station.
detainee processing station
A facility or other location where detainees are
administratively processed and provided custodial care pending
disposition and subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a
prisoner-of-war or civilian internee camp.
detecting circuit
The part of a mine firing circuit which responds to
the influence of a target.
detection
1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of
possible military interest but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In
surveillance, the determination and transmission by a
surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms
control, the first step in the process of ascertaining the
occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 4. In
nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) environments, the act of
locating NBC hazards by use of NBC detectors or monitoring
and/or survey teams. See also hazard; monitoring; nuclear,
biological, and chemical environment.
deterioration limit
A limit placed on a particular product
characteristic to define the minimum acceptable quality
requirement for the product to retain its NATO code number.
deterrence
The prevention from action by fear of the consequences.
Deterrence is a state of mind brought about by the existence of
a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction.
deterrent options
A course of action, developed on the best economic,
diplomatic, political, and military judgment, designed to
dissuade an adversary from a current course of action or
contemplated operations. (In constructing an operation plan, a
range of options should be presented to effect deterrence. Each
option requiring deployment of forces should be a separate force
module.)
detonating cord
A waterproof, flexible fabric tube containing a high
explosive designed to transmit the detonation wave.
detonator
A device containing a sensitive explosive intended
to produce a detonation wave.
developmental assistance
US Agency for International Development function chartered
under chapter one of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961,
primarily designed to promote economic growth and the equitable
distribution of its benefits.
deviation
1. The distance by which a point of impact or burst
misses the target. See also circular error probable; delivery
error; dispersion error; horizontal error. 2. The angular
difference between magnetic and compass headings.
diaphragm stop
See relative aperture.
diapositive
A positive photograph on a transparent medium.
died of wounds received in action
A casualty category applicable to a hostile casualty,
other than the victim of a terrorist activity, who dies of
wounds or other injuries received in action after having reached
a medical treatment facility. Also called DWRIA. See also
casualty category.
differential ballistic wind
In bombing, a hypothetical wind equal to the
difference in velocity between the ballistic wind and the actual
wind at a release altitude.
diffraction loading
The total force which is exerted on the sides of a
structure by the advancing shock front of a nuclear explosion.
dip
In naval mine warfare, the amount by which a moored
mine is carried beneath its set depth by a current or tidal
stream acting on the mine casing and mooring.
diplomatic and/or consular facility
Any Foreign Service establishment maintained by the US
Department of State abroad. It may be designated a "mission" or
"consular office," or given a special designation for particular
purposes, such as "United States Liaison Office." A "mission" is
designated as an embassy and is maintained in order to conduct
normal continuing diplomatic relations between the US Government
and other governments. A "consular office" is any consulate
general or consulate that may participate in most foreign
affairs activities, and varies in size and scope.
diplomatic authorization
Authority for overflight or landing obtained at
government-to-government level through diplomatic channels.
dip needle circuit
In naval mine warfare, a mechanism which responds to
a change in the magnitude of the vertical component of the total
magnetic field.
direct action
Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive
actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or
politically sensitive environments and which employ specialized
military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit,
recover, or damage designated targets. Direct action differs
from conventional offensive actions in the level of physical and
political risk, operational techniques, and the degree of
discriminate and precise use of force to achieve specific
objectives. Also called DA. See also special operations; special
operations forces.
direct action fuze
See impact action fuze; proximity fuze; self-destroying fuse;
time fuze.
direct air support center
The principal air control agency of the US Marine air
command and control system responsible for the direction and
control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat
element. It processes and coordinates requests for immediate air
support and coordinates air missions requiring integration with
ground forces and other supporting arms. It normally collocates
with the senior fire support coordination center within the
ground combat element and is subordinate to the tactical air
command center. Also called DASC. See also Marine air command
and control system; tactical air operations center.
direct air support center
The principal air control agency of the US Marine air
command and control system responsible for the direction and
control of air operations directly supporting the ground combat
element. It processes and coordinates requests for immediate air
support and coordinates air missions requiring integration with
ground forces and other supporting arms. It normally collocates
with the senior fire support coordination center within the
ground combat element and is subordinate to the tactical air
command center. Also called DASC. See also Marine air command
and control system; tactical air operations center.
direct air support center (airborne)
An airborne aircraft equipped with the necessary staff
personnel, communications, and operations facilities to function
as a direct air support center. Also called DASC-A. See also
direct air support center.
directed energy
An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the
production of a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or
atomic or subatomic particles. Also called DE. See also
directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon.
directed-energy device
A system using directed energy primarily for a purpose
other than as a weapon. Directed-energy devices may produce
effects that could allow the device to be used as a weapon
against certain threats; for example, laser rangefinders and
designators used against sensors that are sensitive to light.
See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon.
directed-energy protective measures
That division of directed-energy warfare involving actions
taken to protect friendly equipment, facilities, and personnel
to ensure friendly effective uses of the electromagnetic
spectrum that are threatened by hostile directed-energy weapons
and devices.
directed-energy warfare
Military action involving the use of directed-energy
weapons, devices, and countermeasures to either cause direct
damage or destruction of enemy equipment, facilities, and
personnel, or to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile
use of the electromagnetic spectrum through damage, destruction,
and disruption. It also includes actions taken to protect
friendly equipment, facilities, and personnel and retain
friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Also called DEW.
See also directed energy; directed-energy device;
directed-energy weapon; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic
warfare.
direct exchange
A supply method of issuing serviceable materiel in
exchange for unserviceable materiel on an item-for-item basis.
Also called DX.
direct fire
Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a
point of aim for either the weapon or the director.
direct illumination
Illumination provided by direct light from
pyrotechnics or searchlights.
directing staff
See exercise directing staff.
direction
In artillery and naval gunfire support, a term used by a
spotter and/or observer in a call for fire to indicate the
bearing of the spotting line. See also bearing; call for fire;
naval gunfire support; spotter; spotting line.
directional gyro indicator
An azimuth gyro with a direct display and means for
setting the datum to a specified compass heading.
direction finding
A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency
emitters by using a highly directional antenna and a display
unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment.
direction of attack
A specific direction or route that the main attack or
center of mass of the unit will follow. The unit is restricted,
required to attack as indicated, and is not normally allowed to
bypass the enemy. The direction of attack is used primarily in
counterattacks or to ensure that supporting attacks make maximal
contribution to the main attack.
directive
1. A military communication in which policy is
established or a specific action is ordered. 2. A plan issued
with a view to putting it into effect when so directed, or in
the event that a stated contingency arises. 3. Broadly speaking,
any communication which initiates or governs action, conduct, or
procedure.
directive authority for logistics
Combatant commander authority to issue directives to
subordinate commanders, including peacetime measures, necessary
to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans.
Essential measures include the optimized use or reallocation of
available resources and prevention or elimination of redundant
facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service
component commands. See also combatant command (command
authority); logistics.
direct laying
Laying in which the sights of weapons are aligned directly
on the target. Normally used in conjunction with mortars and
sometimes artillery. See also lay.
direct liaison authorized
That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a
subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a
command or agency within or outside of the granting command.
Direct liaison authorized is more applicable to planning than
operations and always carries with it the requirement of keeping
the commander granting direct liaison authorized informed.
Direct liaison authorized is a coordination relationship, not an
authority through which command may be exercised. Also called
DIRLAUTH.
director of mobility forces
Normally a senior officer who is familiar with the area
ofresponsibility or joint operations area and possesses an
extensive background in air mobility operations. When
established, the director of mobility forces serves as
thedesignated agent for all air mobility issues in the area of
responsibility or joint operations area, and for other duties
asdirected. The director of mobility forces exercises
coordinating authority between the air operations center (or
appropriate theater command and control node), the tanker
airlift control center, the air mobility operations control
center (when established and when supporting subordinate command
objectives), and the joint movement center, in order to expedite
theresolution of air mobility issues. The director of mobility
forces may be sourced from the theater's organizations or
USTransportation Command. Additionally, the director of mobility
forces, when designated, will ensure the effective integration
ofintertheater and intratheater air mobility operations, and
facilitate the conduct of intratheater air mobility operations.
Also called DIRMOBFOR. See also Air Force air and space
operations center; coordinating authority; joint movement
center; Tanker Airlift Control Center.
direct support
A mission requiring a force to support another specific
force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported
force's request for assistance. Also called DS. See also close
support; general support; mission; mutual support; support.
direct support artillery
Artillery whose primary task is to provide fire
requested by the supported unit.
direct supporting fire
Fire delivered in support of part of a force, as
opposed to general supporting fire which is delivered in support
of the force as a whole. See also supporting fire.
direct vendor delivery
A materiel acquisition and distribution method that
requires vendor delivery directly to the customer. Also called
DVD. See also distribution.
disabling fire
The firing of ordnance by ships or aircraft at the
steering or propulsion system of a vessel. The intent is to
disable with minimum injury to personnel or damage to vessel.
disaffected person
A person who is alienated or estranged from those in
authority or lacks loyalty to the government; a state of mind.
disarmament
The reduction of a military establishment to some level
set by international agreement. See also arms control; arms
control agreement; arms control measure.
disarmed mine
A mine for which the arming procedure has been
reversed, rendering the mine inoperative. It is safe to handle
and transport and can be rearmed by simple action.
disaster assistance response team
United States Agency for International Development's
(USAID) Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance
provides this rapidly deployable team in response to
international disasters. A disaster assistance response team
provides specialists, trained in a variety of disaster relief
skills, to assist US embassies and USAID missions with the
management of US Government response to disasters. Also called
DART. See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief.
disaster control
Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action or
natural or manmade disasters to reduce the probability of
damage, minimize its effects, and initiate recovery. See also
area damage control; damage control.
discriminating circuit
That part of the operating circuit of a sea mine
which distinguishes between the response of the detecting
circuit to the passage of a ship and the response to other
disturbances (e.g., influence sweep, countermining, etc.)
disease and nonbattle injury casualty
A person who is not a battle casualty but who is lost to
the organization by reason of disease or injury, including
persons dying of disease or injury, by reason of being missing
where the absence does not appear to be voluntary, or due to
enemy action or being interned. Also called DNBI casualty.
disembarkation schedule
See debarkation schedule.
disengagement
In arms control, a general term for proposals that would
result in the geographic separation of opposing nonindigenous
forces without directly affecting indigenous military forces.
dislocated civilian
A broad term that includes a displaced person, an evacuee,
an expellee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a
refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. See also
displaced person; evacuee; expellee; internally displaced
person; migrant; refugee; stateless person.
dispatch route
In road traffic, a roadway over which full control,
both as to priorities of use and the regulation of movement of
traffic in time and space, is exercised. Movement authorization
is required for its use, even by a single vehicle. See also
route.
dispenser
In air armament, a container or device which is used
to carry and release submunitions. See also cluster bomb unit.
dispersal
Relocation of forces for the purpose of increasing
survivability. See also dispersion.
dispersal airfield
An airfield, military or civil, to which aircraft might
move before H-hour on either a temporary duty or permanent
change of station basis and be able to conduct operations. See
also airfield.
dispersed movement pattern
A pattern for ship-to-shore movement which provides
additional separation of landing craft both laterally and in
depth. This pattern is used when nuclear weapon threat is a
factor.
dispersed site
A site selected to reduce concentration and
vulnerability by its separation from other military targets or a
recognized threat area.
dispersion
1. A scattered pattern of hits around the mean point
of impact of bombs and projectiles dropped or fired under
identical conditions. 2. In antiaircraft gunnery, the scattering
of shots in range and deflection about the mean point of
explosion. 3. The spreading or separating of troops, materiel,
establishments, or activities which are usually concentrated in
limited areas to reduce vulnerability. 4. In chemical and
biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or
aerosol form. 5. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel
and/or cargo on the drop zone. 6. In naval control of shipping,
the reberthing of a ship in the periphery of the port area or in
the vicinity of the port for its own protection in order to
minimize the risk of damage from attack. See also circular error
probable; convoy dispersal point; delivery error; deviation;
dispersion error; horizontal error.
dispersion error
The distance from the point of impact or burst of a
round to the mean point of impact or burst.
dispersion pattern
The distribution of a series of rounds fired from
one weapon or a group of weapons under conditions as nearly
identical as possible; the points of burst or impact being
dispersed about a point called the mean point of impact.
displaced person
A civilian who is involuntarily outside the national
boundaries of his or her country. See also evacuee; refugee.
display
In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity,
force, or equipment intended to deceive the adversary's visual
observation.
disposition
1. Distribution of the elements of a command within
an area; usually the exact location of each unit headquarters
and the deployment of the forces subordinate to it. 2. A
prescribed arrangement of the stations to be occupied by the
several formations and single ships of a fleet, or major
subdivisions of a fleet, for any purpose, such as cruising,
approach, maintaining contact, or battle. 3. A prescribed
arrangement of all the tactical units composing a flight or
group of aircraft. See also deployment; dispersion. 4. (DOD
only) The removal of a patient from a medical treatment facility
by reason of return to duty, transfer to another treatment
facility, death, or other termination of medical case.
disruptive pattern
In surveillance, an arrangement of suitably colored
irregular shapes which, when applied to the surface of an
object, is intended to enhance its camouflage.
dissemination and integration
In intelligence usage, the delivery of intelligence to
users in a suitable form and the application of the intelligence
to appropriate missions, tasks, and functions. See also
intelligence process.
distance
1. The space between adjacent individual ships or boats
measured in any direction between foremasts. 2. The space
between adjacent men, animals, vehicles, or units in a formation
measured from front to rear. 3. The space between known
reference points or a ground observer and a target, measured in
meters (artillery), in yards (naval gunfire), or in units
specified by the observer. See also interval.
distant retirement area
In amphibious operations, that sea area located to seaward
of the landing area. This area is divided into a number of
operating areas to which assault ships may retire and operate in
the event of adverse weather or to prevent concentration of
ships in the landing area. See also amphibious operation;
landing area; retirement.
distant support area
In amphibious operations, the area located in the vicinity
of the landing area but at considerable distance seaward of it.
These areas are assigned to distant support forces, such as
striking forces, surface action groups, surface action units,
and their logistics groups. See also amphibious operation;
landing area.
distributed fire
Fire so dispersed as to engage most effectively an
area target. See also fire.
distribution
1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a
battle, march, or maneuver. 2. A planned pattern of projectiles
about a point. 3. A planned spread of fire to cover a desired
frontage or depth. 4. An official delivery of anything, such as
orders or supplies. 5. The operational process of synchronizing
all elements of the logistic system to deliver the "right
things" to the "right place" at the "right time" to support the
geographic combatant commander. 6. The process of assigning
military personnel to activities, units, or billets.
distribution manager
The executive agent for managing distribution with the
combatant commander's area of responsibility. See also area of
responsibility; distribution.
distribution pipeline
Continuum or channel through which the Department of
Defense conducts distribution operations. The distribution
pipeline represents the end-to-end flow of resources from
supplier to consumer and, in some cases, back to the supplier in
retrograde activities. See also distribution; pipeline.
distribution plan
A reporting system comprising reports, updates, and
information systems feeds that articulate the requirements of
the theater distribution system to the strategic and operational
resources assigned responsibility for support to the theater. It
portrays the interface of the physical, financial, information
and communications networks for gaining visibility of the
theater distribution system and communicates control activities
necessary for optimizing capacity of the system. It depicts, and
is continually updated to reflect changes in, infrastructure,
support relationships, and customer locations to all elements of
the distribution system (strategic, operational, and tactical).
See also distribution; distribution system; theater
distribution; theater distribution system.
distribution point
A point at which supplies and/or ammunition,
obtained from supporting supply points by a division or other
unit, are broken down for distribution to subordinate units.
Distribution points usually carry no stocks; items drawn are
issued completely as soon as possible.
distribution system
That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and
procedures designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and
control the flow of military materiel between the point of
receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using
activities and units.
ditching
Controlled landing of a distressed aircraft on water.
diversion
1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy
from the point of the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or
feint that diverts attention. 2. A change made in a prescribed
route for operational or tactical reasons. A diversion order
will not constitute a change of destination. 3. A rerouting of
cargo or passengers to a new transshipment point or destination
or on a different mode of transportation prior to arrival at
ultimate destination. 4. In naval mine warfare, a route or
channel bypassing a dangerous area. A diversion may connect one
channel to another or it may branch from a channel and rejoin it
on the other side of the danger. See also demonstration.
diversion airfield
An airfield with at least minimum essential
facilities, which may be used as an emergency airfield or when
the main or redeployment airfield is not usable or as required
to facilitate tactical operations. Also called divert field. See
also airfield; departure airfield; main airfield; redeployment
airfield.
diversionary attack
An attack wherein a force attacks, or threatens to
attack, a target other than the main target for the purpose of
drawing enemy defenses away from the main effort. See also
demonstration.
diversionary landing
An operation in which troops are actually landed for the
purpose of diverting enemy reaction away from the main landing.
divert field
See diversion airfield.
diving chamber
See hyperbaric chamber.
division
1. A tactical unit/formation as follows: a. A major
administrative and tactical unit/formation which combines in
itself the necessary arms and services required for sustained
combat, larger than a regiment/brigade and smaller than a corps.
b. A number of naval vessels of similar type grouped together
for operational and administrative command, or a tactical unit
of a naval aircraft squadron, consisting of two or more
sections. c. An air division is an air combat organization
normally consisting of two or more wings with appropriate
service units. The combat wings of an air division will normally
contain similar type units. 2. An organizational part of a
headquarters that handles military matters of a particular
nature, such as personnel, intelligence, plans, and training, or
supply and evacuation. 3. (DOD only) A number of personnel of a
ship's complement grouped together for tactical and
administrative control.
division artillery
Artillery that is permanently an integral part of a
division. For tactical purposes, all artillery placed under the
command of a division commander is considered division
artillery.
doctrinal template
A model based on known or postulated adversary doctrine.
Doctrinal templates illustrate the disposition and activity of
adversary forces and assets conducting a particular operation
unconstrained by the effects of the battlespace. They represent
the application of adversary doctrine under ideal conditions.
Ideally, doctrinal templates depict the threat's normal
organization for combat, frontages, depths, boundaries and other
control measures, assets available from other commands,
objective depths, engagement areas, battle positions, and so
forth. Doctrinal templates are usually scaled to allow ready use
with geospatial products. See also doctrine.
doctrine
Fundamental principles by which the military forces or
elements thereof guide their actions in support of national
objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in
application. See also multinational doctrine; joint doctrine;
multi-Service doctrine.
DOD civilian
A Federal civilian employee of the Department of Defense
directly hired and paid from appropriated or nonappropriated
funds, under permanent or temporary appointment. Specifically
excluded are contractors and foreign host nationals as well as
third country civilians.
DOD support to counterdrug operations
Support provided by the Department of Defense to law
enforcement agencies to detect, monitor, and counter the
production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. See also
counterdrug operations.
dolly
Airborne data link equipment.
dome
See spray dome.
domestic air traffic
Air traffic within the continental United States.
domestic emergencies
Emergencies affecting the public welfare and occurring
within the 50 states, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, US possessions and territories, or any political
subdivision thereof, as a result of enemy attack, insurrection,
civil disturbance, earthquake, fire, flood, or other public
disasters or equivalent emergencies that endanger life and
property or disrupt the usual process of government. The term
domestic emergency includes any or all of the emergency
conditions defined below: a. civil defense emergency--A domestic
emergency disaster situation resulting from devastation created
by an enemy attack and requiring emergency operations during and
following that attack. It may be proclaimed by appropriate
authority in anticipation of an attack. b. civil
disturbances--Riots, acts of violence, insurrections, unlawful
obstructions or assemblages, or other disorders prejudicial to
public law and order. The term civil disturbance includes all
domestic conditions requiring or likely to require the use of
Federal Armed Forces pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 15 of
Title 10, United States Code. c. major disaster--Any flood,
fire, hurricane, tornado, earthquake, or other catastrophe
which, in the determination of the President, is or threatens to
be of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant disaster
assistance by the Federal Government under Public Law 606, 91st
Congress (42 United States Code 58) to supplement the efforts
and available resources of State and local governments in
alleviating the damage, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.
d. natural disaster--All domestic emergencies except those
created as a result of enemy attack or civil disturbance. See
also civil defense emergency; civil disturbance; major disaster;
natural disaster.
domestic intelligence
Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within
the United States that threaten internal security and that might
require the employment of troops; and intelligence relating to
activities of individuals or agencies potentially or actually
dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense.
domestic support operations
Those activities and measures taken by the Department of
Defense to foster mutual assistance and support between the
Department of Defense and any civil government agency in
planning or preparedness for, or in the application of resources
for response to, the consequences of civil emergencies or
attacks, including national security emergencies. Also called
DSOs.
dominant user
The Service or multinational partner who is the principal
consumer of a particular common-user logistic supply or service
within a joint or multinational operation. The dominant user
will normally act as the lead Service to provide this particular
common-user logistic supply or service to other Service
components, multinational partners, other governmental agencies,
or nongovernmental agencies as directed by the combatant
commander. See also common-user logistics; lead Service or
agency for common-user logistics.
dominant user concept
The concept that the Service that is the principal
consumer will have the responsibility for performance of a
support workload for all using Services.
doppler effect
The phenomenon evidenced by the change in the
observed frequency of a sound or radio wave caused by a time
rate of change in the effective length of the path of travel
between the source and the point of observation.
doppler radar
A radar system that differentiates between fixed and
moving targets by detecting the apparent change in frequency of
the reflected wave due to motion of target or the observer.
dormant
In mine warfare, the state of a mine during which a time
delay feature in a mine prevents it from being actuated.
dose rate contour line
A line on a map, diagram, or overlay joining all
points at which the radiation dose rate at a given time is the
same.
dosimetry
The measurement of radiation doses. It applies to
both the devices used (dosimeters) and to the techniques.
double agent
Agent in contact with two opposing intelligence services,
only one of which is aware of the double contact or
quasi-intelligence services.
double flow route
A route of at least two lanes allowing two columns
of vehicles to proceed simultaneously, either in the same
direction or in opposite directions. See also single flow route.
downgrade
To determine that classified information requires, in the
interests of national security, a lower degree of protection
against unauthorized disclosure than currently provided, coupled
with a changing of the classification designation to reflect
such a lower degree.
downloading
An operation that removes airborne weapons or stores from
an aircraft.
down lock
A device for locking retractable landing gear in the
down or extended position.
draft
1. The conscription of qualified citizens in military
service. 2. The depth of water that a vessel requires to float
freely; the depth of a vessel from the water line to the keel.
See also active duty; Military Service; watercraft.
draft plan
A plan for which a draft plan has been coordinated
and agreed with the other military headquarters and is ready for
coordination with the nations involved, that is those nations
who would be required to take national actions to support the
plan. It may be used for future planning and exercises and may
form the basis for an operation order to be implemented in time
of emergency. See also coordinated draft plan; final plan;
initial draft plan; operation plan.
drag
Force of aerodynamic resistance caused by the violent
currents behind the shock front.
drag loading
The force on an object or structure due to transient winds
accompanying the passage of a blast wave. The drag pressure is
the product of the dynamic pressure and the drag coefficient
which is dependent upon the shape (or geometry) of the structure
or object.
drift
In ballistics, a shift in projectile direction due
to gyroscopic action which results from gravitational and
atmospherically induced torques on the spinning projectile.
drift angle
The angle measured in degrees between the heading of
an aircraft or ship and the track made good.
drill mine
An inert filled mine or mine-like body, used in
loading, laying, or discharge practice and trials. See also
mine.
drone
A land, sea, or air vehicle that is remotely or
automatically controlled. See also remotely piloted vehicle;
unmanned aerial vehicle.
droop stop
A device to limit downward vertical motion of
helicopter rotor blades upon rotor shutdown.
drop altitude
The altitude above mean sea level at which airdrop
is executed. See also altitude; drop height.
drop height
The vertical distance between the drop zone and the
aircraft. See also altitude; drop altitude.
dropmaster
1. An individual qualified to prepare, perform acceptance
inspection, load, lash, and eject material for airdrop. 2. An
aircrew member who, during parachute operations, will relay any
required information between pilot and jumpmaster.
drop message
A message dropped from an aircraft to a ground or
surface unit.
drop zone
A specific area upon which airborne troops,
equipment, or supplies are airdropped. Also called DZ.
drug interdiction
The interception of illegal drugs being smuggled by air,
sea, or land. See also counterdrug operations.
dry deck shelter
A shelter module that attaches to the hull of a specially
configured submarine to provide the submarine with the
capability to launch and recover special operations personnel,
vehicles, and equipment while submerged. The dry deck shelter
provides a working environment at one atmosphere for the special
operations element during transit and has structural integrity
to the collapse depth of the host submarine. Also called DDS.
D-to-P assets required on D-day
As applied to the D-to-P concept, this asset requirement
represents those stocks that must be physically available on
D-day to meet initial allowance requirements, to fill the
wartime pipeline between the producers and users (even if P-day
and D-day occur simultaneously), and to provide any required
D-to-P consumption or production differential stockage. The
D-to-P assets required on D-day are also represented as the
difference between the D-to-P materiel readiness gross
requirements and the cumulative sum of all production deliveries
during the D-to-P period. See also D-to-P concept.
D-to-P concept
A logistic planning concept by which the gross materiel
readiness requirement in support of approved forces at planned
wartime rates for conflicts of indefinite duration will be
satisfied by a balanced mix of assets on hand on D-day and
assets to be gained from production through P-day when the
planned rate of production deliveries to the users equals the
planned wartime rate of expenditure (consumption). See also
D-day consumption/production differential assets; D-day pipeline
assets; D-to-P assets required on D-day; D-to-P materiel
readiness gross requirement.
D-to-P materiel readiness gross requirement
As applied to the D-to-P concept, the gross requirement
for all supplies and materiel needed to meet all initial
pipeline and anticipated expenditure (consumption) requirements
between D-day and P-day. Includes initial allowances,
continental United States and overseas operating and safety
levels, intransit levels of supply, and the cumulative sum of
all items expended (consumed) during the D-to-P period. See also
D-to-P concept.
dual agent
One who is simultaneously and independently employed by
two or more intelligence agencies, covering targets for both.
dual-capable aircraft
Allied and US fighter aircraft tasked and configured to
perform either conventional or theater nuclear missions. Also
called DCA.
dual-capable forces
Forces capable of employing dual-capable weapons.
dual capable unit
A nuclear certified delivery unit capable of
executing both conventional and nuclear missions.
dual-firing circuit
An assembly comprising two independent firing
systems, both electric or both non-electric, so that the firing
of either system will detonate all charges.
dual (multi)-capable weapons
1. Weapons, weapon systems, or vehicles capable of
selective equipage with different types or mixes of armament or
firepower. 2. Sometimes restricted to weapons capable of
handling either nuclear or non-nuclear munitions.
dual (multi)-purpose weapons
Weapons which possess the capability for effective
application in two or more basically different military
functions and/or levels of conflict.
dual-purpose weapon
A weapon designed for delivering effective fire against
air or surface targets.
dual-role tanker
Dual-role tankers carry support personnel, supplies, and
equipment for the deploying force while escorting and/or
refueling combat aircraft to the area of responsibility.
Dual-role tankers can minimize the total lift requirement while
providing critical cargo and personnel at the combat aircraft's
time of arrival. See also air refueling.
dud
Explosive munition which has not been armed as
intended or which has failed to explode after being armed. See
also absolute dud; dwarf dud; flare dud; nuclear dud.
dud probability
The expected percentage of failures in a given number of
firings.
due in
Quantities of materiel scheduled to be received from
vendors, repair facilities, assembly operation, interdepot
transfers, and other sources.
dummy
See decoy.
dummy message
A message sent for some purpose other than its
content, which may consist of dummy groups or may have a
meaningless text.
dummy minefield
In naval mine warfare, a minefield containing no
live mines and presenting only a psychological threat.
dummy run
Any simulated firing practice, particularly a dive bombing
approach made without release of a bomb. Also called dry run.
dump
A temporary storage area, usually in the open, for
bombs, ammunition, equipment, or supplies.
duplicate negative
A negative reproduced from a negative or
diapositive.
durable materiel
See nonexpendable supplies and materiel.
duty status - whereabouts unknown
A transitory casualty status, applicable only to military
personnel, that is used when the responsible commander suspects
the member may be a casualty whose absence is involuntary, but
does not feel sufficient evidence currently exists to make a
definite determination of missing or deceased. Also called
DUSTWUN. See also casualty status.
dwarf dud
A nuclear weapon that, when launched at or emplaced on a
target, fails to provide a yield within a reasonable range of
that which could be anticipated with normal operation of the
weapon. This constitutes a dud only in a relative sense.
dwell time
The time cargo remains in a terminal's in-transit storage
area while awaiting shipment by clearance transportation. See
also storage.
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